130 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
130 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
# Tips and Tricks
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## Installing previous versions of formulae
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The supported method of installing specific versions of
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some formulae is to see if there is a versions formula like e.g. `gcc@6` available. If the version you’re looking for isn’t available, consider [opening a pull request](How-To-Open-a-Homebrew-Pull-Request.md)!
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### Installing directly from pull-requests
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You can [browse pull requests](https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/pulls)
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and install through the direct link. For example Python 3.3.0 pull request [Homebrew/homebrew#15199](https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/pull/15199)
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```sh
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brew install https://raw.github.com/dsr/homebrew/9b22d42f50fcbc5e52c764448b3ac002bc153bd7/Library/Formula/python3.rb
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```
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## Quickly remove something from /usr/local
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```sh
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brew unlink $FORMULA
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```
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This can be useful if a package can't build against the version of something you have linked into `/usr/local`.
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And of course, you can simply `brew link $FORMULA` again afterwards!
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## Activate a previously installed version of a formula
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```sh
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brew info $FORMULA
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brew switch $FORMULA $VERSION
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```
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Use `brew info $FORMULA` to check what versions are installed but not currently activated, then `brew switch $FORMULA $VERSION` to activate the desired version. This can be useful if you would like to switch between versions of a formula.
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## Install into Homebrew without formulae
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```sh
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./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/foo/1.2 && make && make install && brew link foo
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```
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## Pre-downloading a file for a formula
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Sometimes it's faster to download a file via means other than those
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strategies that are available as part of Homebrew. For example,
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Erlang provides a torrent that'll let you download at 4–5× the normal
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HTTP method.
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Download the file and drop it in `~/Library/Caches/Homebrew`, but
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watch the file name. Homebrew downloads files as <code>${FORMULA_NAME}-${VERSION}</code>. In the case of Erlang, this requires
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renaming the file from <code>otp_src_R13B03</code> to
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<code>erlang-R13B03</code>.
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`brew --cache -s erlang` will print the correct name of the cached
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download. This means instead of manually renaming a formula, you can
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run `mv the_tarball $(brew --cache -s $FORMULA)`.
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You can also pre-cache the download by using the command `brew fetch formula` which also displays the SHA256 value. This can be useful for updating formulae to new versions.
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## Using Homebrew behind a proxy
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Behind the scenes, Homebrew uses several commands for downloading files (e.g. curl, git, svn). Many of these tools can download via a proxy. It's a common (though not universal) convention for these command-line tools to observe getting the proxy parameters from environment variables (e.g. `http_proxy`). Unfortunately, most tools are inconsistent in their use of these environment parameters (e.g. curl supports `http_proxy`, `HTTPS_PROXY`, `FTP_PROXY`, `GOPHER_PROXY`, `ALL_PROXY`, `NO_PROXY`).
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Luckily, for the majority of cases setting `http_proxy` is enough.
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You can set this environment variable in several ways (search on the
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internet for details), including at runtime:
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```
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http_proxy=http://<proxyhost>:<proxyport> brew install $FORMULA
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```
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### Proxy Authentication
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```sh
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http_proxy=http://<user>:<password>@<proxyhost>:<proxyport> brew install $FORMULA
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```
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## Installing stuff without the Xcode-CLT
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```sh
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$ brew sh # or: eval $(brew --env)
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$ gem install ronn # or c-programs
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```
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This imports the brew environment into your existing shell, gem will pick up the environment variables and be able to build. As a bonus brew's automatically determined optimization flags are set.
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## Install only a formula's dependencies (not the formula)
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```sh
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brew install --only-dependencies $FORMULA
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```
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## Interactive Homebrew Shell
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```sh
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$ brew irb
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1.8.7 :001 > Formula.factory("ace").methods - Object.methods
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=> [:install, :path, :homepage, :downloader, :stable, :bottle, :devel, :head, :active_spec, :buildpath, :ensure_specs_set, :url, :version, :specs, :mirrors, :installed?, :explicitly_requested?, :linked_keg, :installed_prefix, :prefix, :rack, :bin, :doc, :include, :info, :lib, :libexec, :man, :man1, :man2, :man3, :man4, :man5, :man6, :man7, :man8, :sbin, :share, :etc, :var, :plist_name, :plist_path, :download_strategy, :cached_download, :caveats, :options, :patches, :keg_only?, :fails_with?, :skip_clean?, :brew, :std_cmake_args, :deps, :external_deps, :recursive_deps, :system, :fetch, :verify_download_integrity, :fails_with_llvm, :fails_with_llvm?, :std_cmake_parameters, :mkdir, :mktemp]
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1.8.7 :002 >
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```
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## Hiding the beer mug emoji when finishing a build
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```sh
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export HOMEBREW_NO_EMOJI=1
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```
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This sets the HOMEBREW_NO_EMOJI environment variable, causing Homebrew
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to hide all emoji.
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The beer emoji can also be replaced with other character(s):
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```sh
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export HOMEBREW_INSTALL_BADGE="☕️ 🐸"
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```
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## Editor plugins
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### Sublime Text
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In Sublime Text 2/3, you can use Package Control to install
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[Homebrew-formula-syntax](https://github.com/samueljohn/Homebrew-formula-syntax),
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which adds highlighting for inline patches.
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### Vim
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[brew.vim](https://github.com/xu-cheng/brew.vim) adds highlighting to
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inline patches in Vim.
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### Emacs
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[homebrew-mode](https://github.com/dunn/homebrew-mode) provides syntax
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highlighting for inline patches as well as a number of helper functions
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for editing formula files.
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[pcmpl-homebrew](https://github.com/hiddenlotus/pcmpl-homebrew) provides completion
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for emacs shell-mode and eshell-mode.
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### Atom
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[language-homebrew-formula](https://atom.io/packages/language-homebrew-formula)
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adds highlighting and diff support (with the
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[language-diff](https://atom.io/packages/language-diff) plugin).
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