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brew/Library/Homebrew/manpages/brew.1.md
Jack Nagel b638c1d597 Use "directory", not "folder"
2015-05-14 00:15:41 -04:00

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brew(1) -- The missing package manager for OS X
===============================================
## SYNOPSIS
`brew` --version<br>
`brew` command [--verbose|-v] [options] [formula] ...
## DESCRIPTION
Homebrew is the easiest and most flexible way to install the UNIX tools Apple
didn't include with OS X.
## ESSENTIAL COMMANDS
For the full command list, see the COMMANDS section.
With `--verbose` or `-v`, many commands print extra debugging information.
Note that these flags should only appear after a command.
* `install` <formula>:
Install <formula>.
* `remove` <formula>:
Uninstall <formula>.
* `update`:
Fetch the newest version of Homebrew from GitHub using `git`(1).
* `list`:
List all installed formulae.
* `search` <text>|/<text>/:
Perform a substring search of formula names for <text>. If <text> is
surrounded with slashes, then it is interpreted as a regular expression.
The search for <text> is extended online to some popular taps.
If no search term is given, all locally available formulae are listed.
## COMMANDS
* `audit` [--strict] [<formulae>]:
Check <formulae> for Homebrew coding style violations. This should be
run before submitting a new formula.
If no <formulae> are provided, all of them are checked.
If `--strict` is passed, additional checks are run. This should be used
when creating for new formulae.
`audit` exits with a non-zero status if any errors are found. This is useful,
for instance, for implementing pre-commit hooks.
* `cat` <formula>:
Display the source to <formula>.
* `cleanup [--force] [--prune=<days>] [-ns]` [<formulae>]:
For all installed or specific formulae, remove any older versions from the
cellar. By default, does not remove out-of-date keg-only brews, as other
software may link directly to specific versions. In addition old downloads from
the Homebrew download-cache are deleted.
If `--force` is passed, remove out-of-date keg-only brews as well.
If `--prune=<days>` is specified, remove all cache files older than <days>.
If `-n` is passed, show what would be removed, but do not actually remove anything.
If `-s` is passed, scrubs the cache, removing downloads for even the latest
versions of formula. Note downloads for any installed formula will still not be
deleted. If you want to delete those too: `rm -rf $(brew --cache)`
* `commands`:
Show a list of built-in and external commands.
* `config`:
Show Homebrew and system configuration useful for debugging. If you file
a bug report, you will likely be asked for this information if you do not
provide it.
* `create <URL> [--autotools|--cmake] [--no-fetch] [--set-name <name>] [--set-version <version>]`:
Generate a formula for the downloadable file at <URL> and open it in the editor.
Homebrew will attempt to automatically derive the formula name
and version, but if it fails, you'll have to make your own template. The wget
formula serves as a simple example. For a complete cheat-sheet, have a look at
`$(brew --repository)/Library/Contributions/example-formula.rb`
If `--autotools` is passed, create a basic template for an Autotools-style build.
If `--cmake` is passed, create a basic template for a CMake-style build.
If `--no-fetch` is passed, Homebrew will not download <URL> to the cache and
will thus not add the SHA-1 to the formula for you.
The options `--set-name` and `--set-version` each take an argument and allow
you to explicitly set the name and version of the package you are creating.
* `deps [--1] [-n] [--union] [--tree] [--all] [--installed] [--skip-build] [--skip-optional]` <formulae>:
Show dependencies for <formulae>. When given multiple formula arguments,
show the intersection of dependencies for <formulae>, except when passed
`--tree`, `--all`, or `--installed`.
If `--1` is passed, only show dependencies one level down, instead of
recursing.
If `-n` is passed, show dependencies in topological order.
If `--union` is passed, show the union of dependencies for <formulae>,
instead of the intersection.
If `--tree` is passed, show dependencies as a tree.
If `--all` is passed, show dependencies for all formulae.
If `--installed` is passed, show dependencies for all installed formulae.
By default, `deps` shows dependencies for <formulae>. To skip the `:build`
type dependencies, pass `--skip-build`. Similarly, pass `--skip-optional`
to skip `:optional` dependencies.
* `diy [--name=<name>] [--version=<version>]`:
Automatically determine the installation prefix for non-Homebrew software.
Using the output from this command, you can install your own software into
the Cellar and then link it into Homebrew's prefix with `brew link`.
The options `--name=<name>` and `--version=<version>` each take an argument
and allow you to explicitly set the name and version of the package you are
installing.
* `doctor`:
Check your system for potential problems. Doctor exits with a non-zero status
if any problems are found.
* `edit`:
Open all of Homebrew for editing.
* `edit` <formula>:
Open <formula> in the editor.
* `fetch [--force] [-v] [--devel|--HEAD] [--deps] [--build-from-source|--force-bottle]` <formulae>:
Download the source packages for the given <formulae>.
For tarballs, also print SHA1 and SHA-256 checksums.
If `--HEAD` or `--devel` is passed, fetch that version instead of the
stable version.
If `-v` is passed, do a verbose VCS checkout, if the url represents a CVS.
This is useful for seeing if an existing VCS cache has been updated.
If `--force` is passed, remove a previously cached version and re-fetch.
If `--deps` is passed, also download dependencies for any listed <formulae>.
If `--build-from-source` is passed, download the source rather than a
bottle.
If `--force-bottle` is passed, download a bottle if it exists for the current
version of OS X, even if it would not be used during installation.
* `home`:
Open Homebrew's own homepage in a browser.
* `home` <formula>:
Open <formula>'s homepage in a browser.
* `info` <formula>:
Display information about <formula>.
* `info --github` <formula>:
Open a browser to the GitHub History page for formula <formula>.
To view formula history locally: `brew log -p <formula>`.
* `info --json=<version>` (--all|--installed|<formulae>):
Print a JSON representation of <formulae>. Currently the only accepted value
for <version> is `v1`.
Pass `--all` to get information on all formulae, or `--installed` to get
information on all installed formulae.
See the docs for examples of using the JSON:
<https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/Querying-Brew.md>
* `install [--debug] [--env=<std|super>] [--ignore-dependencies] [--only-dependencies] [--cc=<compiler>] [--build-from-source] [--devel|--HEAD]` <formula>:
Install <formula>.
<formula> is usually the name of the formula to install, but it can be specified
several different ways. See [SPECIFYING FORMULAE][].
If `--debug` is passed and brewing fails, open an interactive debugging
session with access to IRB or a shell inside the temporary build directory.
If `--env=std` is passed, use the standard build environment instead of superenv.
If `--env=super` is passed, use superenv even if the formula specifies the
standard build environment.
If `--ignore-dependencies` is passed, skip installing any dependencies of
any kind. If they are not already present, the formula will probably fail
to install.
If `--only-dependencies` is passed, install the dependencies with specified
options but do not install the specified formula.
If `--cc=<compiler>` is passed, attempt to compile using <compiler>.
<compiler> should be the name of the compiler's executable, for instance
`gcc-4.2` for Apple's GCC 4.2, or `gcc-4.9` for a Homebrew-provided GCC
4.9.
If `--build-from-source` is passed, compile from source even if a bottle
is provided for <formula>.
If `--devel` is passed, and <formula> defines it, install the development version.
If `--HEAD` is passed, and <formula> defines it, install the HEAD version,
aka master, trunk, unstable.
To install a newer version of HEAD use
`brew rm <foo> && brew install --HEAD <foo>`.
* `install --interactive [--git]` <formula>:
Download and patch <formula>, then open a shell. This allows the user to
run `./configure --help` and otherwise determine how to turn the software
package into a Homebrew formula.
If `--git` is passed, Homebrew will create a Git repository, useful for
creating patches to the software.
* `irb [--example]`:
Enter the interactive Homebrew Ruby shell.
If `--example` is passed, several examples will be shown.
* `leaves`:
Show installed formulae that are not dependencies of another installed formula.
* `ln`, `link [--overwrite] [--dry-run] [--force]` <formula>:
Symlink all of <formula>'s installed files into the Homebrew prefix. This
is done automatically when you install formula, but can be useful for DIY
installations.
If `--overwrite` is passed, Homebrew will delete files which already exist in
the prefix while linking.
If `--dry-run` or `-n` is passed, Homebrew will list all files which would
be linked or which would be deleted by `brew link --overwrite`, but will not
actually link or delete any files.
If `--force` is passed, Homebrew will allow keg-only formulae to be linked.
* `linkapps [--local]` [<formulae>]:
Find installed formulae that have compiled `.app`-style "application"
packages for OS X, and symlink those apps into `/Applications`, allowing
for easier access.
If no <formulae> are provided, all of them will have their .apps symlinked.
If provided, `--local` will move them into the user's `~/Applications`
directory instead of the system directory. It may need to be created, first.
* `ls, list [--unbrewed] [--versions [--multiple]] [--pinned]` [<formulae>]:
Without any arguments, list all installed formulae.
If <formulae> are given, list the installed files for <formulae>.
Combined with `--verbose`, recursively list the contents of all subdirectories
in each <formula>'s keg.
If `--unbrewed` is passed, list all files in the Homebrew prefix not installed
by Homebrew.
If `--versions` is passed, show the version number for installed formulae,
or only the specified formulae if <formulae> are given. With `--multiple`,
only show formulae with multiple versions installed.
If `--pinned` is passed, show the versions of pinned formulae, or only the
specified (pinned) formulae if <formulae> are given.
See also `pin`, `unpin`.
* `log [git-log-options]` <formula> ...:
Show the git log for the given formulae. Options that `git-log`(1)
recognizes can be passed before the formula list.
* `missing` [<formulae>]:
Check the given <formulae> for missing dependencies.
If no <formulae> are given, check all installed brews.
* `options [--compact] [--all] [--installed]` <formula>:
Display install options specific to <formula>.
If `--compact` is passed, show all options on a single line separated by
spaces.
If `--all` is passed, show options for all formulae.
If `--installed` is passed, show options for all installed formulae.
* `outdated [--quiet|--verbose]`:
Show formulae that have an updated version available.
By default, version information is displayed in interactive shells, and
suppressed otherwise.
If `--quiet` is passed, list only the names of outdated brews (takes
precedence over `--verbose`).
If `--verbose` is passed, display detailed version information.
* `pin` <formulae>:
Pin the specified <formulae>, preventing them from being upgraded when
issuing the `brew upgrade --all` command. See also `unpin`.
* `prune`:
Remove dead symlinks from the Homebrew prefix. This is generally not
needed, but can be useful when doing DIY installations.
* `reinstall` <formula>:
Uninstall then install <formula>
* `rm`, `remove`, `uninstall [--force]` <formula>:
Uninstall <formula>.
If `--force` is passed, and there are multiple versions of <formula>
installed, delete all installed versions.
* `search`, `-S`:
Display all locally available formulae for brewing (including tapped ones).
No online search is performed if called without arguments.
* `search`, `-S` <text>|/<text>/:
Perform a substring search of formula names for <text>. If <text> is
surrounded with slashes, then it is interpreted as a regular expression.
The search for <text> is extended online to some popular taps.
* `search --debian`|`--fedora`|`--fink`|`--macports`|`--opensuse`|`--ubuntu` <text>:
Search for <text> in the given package manager's list.
* `sh [--env=std]`:
Instantiate a Homebrew build environment. Uses our years-battle-hardened
Homebrew build logic to help your `./configure && make && make install`
or even your `gem install` succeed. Especially handy if you run Homebrew
in a Xcode-only configuration since it adds tools like make to your PATH
which otherwise build-systems would not find.
* `switch` <name> <version>:
Symlink all of the specific <version> of <name>'s install to Homebrew prefix.
* `tap` [--full] [<tap>]:
Tap a new formula repository from GitHub, or list existing taps.
<tap> is of the form <user>/<repo>, e.g. `brew tap homebrew/dupes`.
If `--full` is passed, a full clone will be used.
* `tap --repair`:
Ensure all tapped formulae are symlinked into Library/Formula and prune dead
formulae from Library/Formula.
* `test` [--devel|--HEAD] [--debug] <formula>:
A few formulae provide a test method. `brew test <formula>` runs this
test method. There is no standard output or return code, but it should
generally indicate to the user if something is wrong with the installed
formula.
To test the development or head version of a formula, use `--devel` or
`--HEAD`.
If `--debug` is passed and the test fails, an interactive debugger will be
launched with access to IRB or a shell inside the temporary test directory.
Example: `brew install jruby && brew test jruby`
* `unlink` <formula>:
Remove symlinks for <formula> from the Homebrew prefix. This can be useful
for temporarily disabling a formula:
`brew unlink foo && commands && brew link foo`.
* `unlinkapps [--local]` [<formulae>]:
Removes links created by `brew linkapps`.
If no <formulae> are provided, all linked app will be removed.
* `unpack [--git|--patch] [--destdir=<path>]` <formulae>:
Unpack the source files for <formulae> into subdirectories of the current
working directory. If `--destdir=<path>` is given, the subdirectories will
be created in the directory named by `<path>` instead.
If `--patch` is passed, patches for <formulae> will be applied to the
unpacked source.
If `--git` is passed, a Git repository will be initalized in the unpacked
source. This is useful for creating patches for the software.
* `unpin` <formulae>:
Unpin <formulae>, allowing them to be upgraded by `brew upgrade --all`. See also
`pin`.
* `untap` <tap>:
Remove a tapped repository.
* `update [--rebase]`:
Fetch the newest version of Homebrew and all formulae from GitHub using
`git`(1).
If `--rebase` is specified then `git pull --rebase` is used.
* `upgrade [--all] [install-options]` [<formulae>]:
Upgrade outdated, unpinned brews.
Options for the `install` command are also valid here.
If `--all` is passed, upgrade all formulae. This is currently the same
behaviour as without `--all` but soon `--all` will be required to upgrade
all formulae.
If <formulae> are given, upgrade only the specified brews (but do so even
if they are pinned; see `pin`, `unpin`).
* `uses [--installed] [--recursive] [--skip-build] [--skip-optional] [--devel|--HEAD]` <formulae>:
Show the formulae that specify <formulae> as a dependency. When given
multiple formula arguments, show the intersection of formulae that use
<formulae>.
Use `--recursive` to resolve more than one level of dependencies.
If `--installed` is passed, only list installed formulae.
By default, `uses` shows all formulae that specify <formulae> as a dependency.
To skip the `:build` type dependencies, pass `--skip-build`. Similarly, pass
`--skip-optional` to skip `:optional` dependencies.
By default, `uses` shows usages of `formula` by stable builds. To find
cases where `formula` is used by development or HEAD build, pass
`--devel` or `--HEAD`.
* `--cache`:
Display Homebrew's download cache. See also `HOMEBREW_CACHE`.
* `--cache` <formula>:
Display the file or directory used to cache <formula>.
* `--cellar`:
Display Homebrew's Cellar path. *Default:* `/usr/local/Cellar`
* `--cellar` <formula>:
Display the location in the cellar where <formula> would be installed,
without any sort of versioned directory as the last path.
* `--env`:
Show a summary of the Homebrew build environment.
* `--prefix`:
Display Homebrew's install path. *Default:* `/usr/local`
* `--prefix` <formula>:
Display the location in the cellar where <formula> is or would be installed.
* `--repository`:
Display where Homebrew's `.git` directory is located. For standard installs,
the `prefix` and `repository` are the same directory.
* `--version`:
Print the version number of brew to standard error and exit.
## EXTERNAL COMMANDS
Homebrew, like `git`(1), supports external commands. These are executable
scripts that reside somewhere in the PATH, named `brew-<cmdname>` or
`brew-<cmdname>.rb`, which can be invoked like `brew cmdname`. This allows you
to create your own commands without modifying Homebrew's internals.
Instructions for creating your own commands can be found in the docs:
<https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/External-Commands.md>
## SPECIFYING FORMULAE
Many Homebrew commands accept one or more <formula> arguments. These arguments
can take several different forms:
* The name of a formula:
e.g. `git`, `node`, `wget`.
* The fully-qualified name of a tapped formula:
Sometimes a formula from a tapped repository may conflict with one in Homebrew/homebrew.
You can still access these formulae by using a special syntax, e.g.
`homebrew/dupes/vim` or `homebrew/versions/node4`.
* An arbitrary URL:
Homebrew can install formulae via URL, e.g.
`https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/master/Library/Formula/git.rb`.
The formula file will be cached for later use.
## ENVIRONMENT
* AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID, AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
When using the S3 download strategy, Homebrew will look in
these variables for access credentials (see
<https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-getting-started.html#cli-environment>
to retrieve these access credentials from AWS). If they are not set,
the S3 download strategy will download with a public
(unsigned) URL.
* BROWSER:
If set, and `HOMEBREW_BROWSER` is not, use `BROWSER` as the web browser
when opening project homepages.
* EDITOR:
If set, and `HOMEBREW_EDITOR` and `VISUAL` are not, use `EDITOR` as the text editor.
* GIT:
When using Git, Homebrew will use `GIT` if set,
a Homebrew-built Git if installed, or the system-provided binary.
Set this to force Homebrew to use a particular git binary.
* HOMEBREW_BROWSER:
If set, uses this setting as the browser when opening project homepages,
instead of the OS default browser.
* HOMEBREW\_BUILD\_FROM\_SOURCE:
If set, instructs Homebrew to compile from source even when a formula
provides a bottle.
* HOMEBREW\_CACHE:
If set, instructs Homebrew to use the given directory as the download cache.
*Default:* `~/Library/Caches/Homebrew` if it exists; otherwise,
`/Library/Caches/Homebrew`.
* HOMEBREW\_CURL\_VERBOSE:
If set, Homebrew will pass `--verbose` when invoking `curl`(1).
* HOMEBREW\_DEBUG:
If set, any commands that can emit debugging information will do so.
* HOMEBREW\_DEBUG\_INSTALL:
When `brew install -d` or `brew install -i` drops into a shell,
`HOMEBREW_DEBUG_INSTALL` will be set to the name of the formula being
brewed.
* HOMEBREW\_DEBUG\_PREFIX:
When `brew install -d` or `brew install -i` drops into a shell,
`HOMEBREW_DEBUG_PREFIX` will be set to the target prefix in the Cellar
of the formula being brewed.
* HOMEBREW\_DEVELOPER:
If set, Homebrew will print warnings that are only relevant to Homebrew
developers (active or budding).
* HOMEBREW\_EDITOR:
If set, Homebrew will use this editor when editing a single formula, or
several formulae in the same directory.
*NOTE*: `brew edit` will open all of Homebrew as discontinuous files and
directories. TextMate can handle this correctly in project mode, but many
editors will do strange things in this case.
* HOMEBREW\_GITHUB\_API\_TOKEN:
A personal access token for the GitHub API, which you can create at
<https://github.com/settings/tokens>. If set, GitHub will allow you a
greater number of API requests. See
<https://developer.github.com/v3/#rate-limiting> for more information.
Homebrew uses the GitHub API for features such as `brew search`.
* HOMEBREW\_LOGS:
If set, Homebrew will use the given directory to store log files.
* HOMEBREW\_MAKE\_JOBS:
If set, instructs Homebrew to use the value of `HOMEBREW_MAKE_JOBS` as
the number of parallel jobs to run when building with `make`(1).
*Default:* the number of available CPU cores.
* HOMEBREW\_NO\_EMOJI:
If set, Homebrew will not print the `HOMEBREW_INSTALL_BADGE` on a
successful build.
*Note:* Homebrew will only try to print emoji on Lion or newer.
* HOMEBREW\_NO\_GITHUB\_API:
If set, Homebrew will not use the GitHub API for e.g searches or
fetching relevant issues on a failed install.
* HOMEBREW\_INSTALL\_BADGE:
Text printed before the installation summary of each successful build.
Defaults to the beer emoji.
* HOMEBREW\_SVN:
When exporting from Subversion, Homebrew will use `HOMEBREW_SVN` if set,
a Homebrew-built Subversion if installed, or the system-provided binary.
Set this to force Homebrew to use a particular svn binary.
* HOMEBREW\_TEMP:
If set, instructs Homebrew to use `HOMEBREW_TEMP` as the temporary directory
for building packages. This may be needed if your system temp directory and
Homebrew Prefix are on different volumes, as OS X has trouble moving
symlinks across volumes when the target does not yet exist.
This issue typically occurs when using FileVault or custom SSD
configurations.
* HOMEBREW\_VERBOSE:
If set, Homebrew always assumes `--verbose` when running commands.
* VISUAL:
If set, and `HOMEBREW_EDITOR` is not, use `VISUAL` as the text editor.
## USING HOMEBREW BEHIND A PROXY
Homebrew uses several commands for downloading files (e.g. curl, git, svn).
Many of these tools can download via a proxy. It's common for these tools
to read proxy parameters from environment variables.
For the majority of cases setting `http_proxy` is enough. You can set this in
your shell profile, or you can use it before a brew command:
http_proxy=http://<host>:<port> brew install foo
If your proxy requires authentication:
http_proxy=http://<user>:<password>@<host>:<port> brew install foo
## SEE ALSO
Homebrew Documentation: <https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/blob/master/share/doc/homebrew/>
`git`(1), `git-log`(1)
## AUTHORS
Homebrew's current maintainers are Misty De Meo, Adam Vandenberg, Jack Nagel, Mike McQuaid, Brett Koonce and Tim Smith.
Homebrew was originally created by Max Howell.
## BUGS
See Issues on GitHub: <https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/issues>
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