brew(1) -- The missing package manager for macOS =============================================== ## SYNOPSIS `brew` `--version`
`brew` `command` [`--verbose`|`-v`] [`options`] [`formula`] ... ## DESCRIPTION Homebrew is the easiest and most flexible way to install the UNIX tools Apple didn't include with macOS. ## ESSENTIAL COMMANDS For the full command list, see the [COMMANDS](#commands) section. With `--verbose` or `-v`, many commands print extra debugging information. Note that these flags should only appear after a command. * `install` `formula`: Install `formula`. * `uninstall` `formula`: Uninstall `formula`. * `update`: Fetch the newest version of Homebrew from GitHub using `git`(1). * `list`: List all installed formulae. * `search` (`text`|`/``text``/`): Perform a substring search of formula names for `text`. If `text` is surrounded with slashes, then it is interpreted as a regular expression. The search for `text` is extended online to some popular taps. If no search term is given, all locally available formulae are listed. ## COMMANDS * `analytics` [`state`]: Display anonymous user behaviour analytics state. Read more at . * `analytics` (`on`|`off`): Turn on/off Homebrew's analytics. * `analytics` `regenerate-uuid`: Regenerate UUID used in Homebrew's analytics. * `cat` `formula`: Display the source to `formula`. * `cleanup` [`--prune=``days`] [`--dry-run`] [`-s`] [`formulae`]: For all installed or specific formulae, remove any older versions from the cellar. In addition, old downloads from the Homebrew download-cache are deleted. If `--prune=``days` is specified, remove all cache files older than `days`. If `--dry-run` or `-n` is passed, show what would be removed, but do not actually remove anything. If `-s` is passed, scrub the cache, removing downloads for even the latest versions of formulae. Note downloads for any installed formulae will still not be deleted. If you want to delete those too: `rm -rf $(brew --cache)` * `command` `cmd`: Display the path to the file which is used when invoking `brew` `cmd`. * `commands` [`--quiet` [`--include-aliases`]]: Show a list of built-in and external commands. If `--quiet` is passed, list only the names of commands without the header. With `--include-aliases`, the aliases of internal commands will be included. * `config`: Show Homebrew and system configuration useful for debugging. If you file a bug report, you will likely be asked for this information if you do not provide it. * `deps` [`--1`] [`-n`] [`--union`] [`--full-name`] [`--installed`] [`--include-build`] [`--include-optional`] [`--skip-recommended`] [`--include-requirements`] `formulae`: Show dependencies for `formulae`. When given multiple formula arguments, show the intersection of dependencies for `formulae`. If `--1` is passed, only show dependencies one level down, instead of recursing. If `-n` is passed, show dependencies in topological order. If `--union` is passed, show the union of dependencies for `formulae`, instead of the intersection. If `--full-name` is passed, list dependencies by their full name. If `--installed` is passed, only list those dependencies that are currently installed. By default, `deps` shows required and recommended dependencies for `formulae`. To include the `:build` type dependencies, pass `--include-build`. Similarly, pass `--include-optional` to include `:optional` dependencies or `--include-test` to include (non-recursive) `:test` dependencies. To skip `:recommended` type dependencies, pass `--skip-recommended`. To include requirements in addition to dependencies, pass `--include-requirements`. * `deps` `--tree` [`--1`] [`filters`] [`--annotate`] (`formulae`|`--installed`): Show dependencies as a tree. When given multiple formula arguments, output individual trees for every formula. If `--1` is passed, only one level of children is displayed. If `--installed` is passed, output a tree for every installed formula. The `filters` placeholder is any combination of options `--include-build`, `--include-optional`, `--include-test`, `--skip-recommended`, and `--include-requirements` as documented above. If `--annotate` is passed, the build, optional, and recommended dependencies are marked as such in the output. * `deps` [`filters`] (`--installed`|`--all`): Show dependencies for installed or all available formulae. Every line of output starts with the formula name, followed by a colon and all direct dependencies of that formula. The `filters` placeholder is any combination of options `--include-build`, `--include-optional`, `--include-test`, and `--skip-recommended` as documented above. * `desc` `formula`: Display `formula`'s name and one-line description. * `desc` [`--search`|`--name`|`--description`] (`text`|`/``text``/`): Search both name and description (`--search` or `-s`), just the names (`--name` or `-n`), or just the descriptions (`--description` or `-d`) for `text`. If `text` is flanked by slashes, it is interpreted as a regular expression. Formula descriptions are cached; the cache is created on the first search, making that search slower than subsequent ones. * `diy` [`--name=``name`] [`--version=``version`]: Automatically determine the installation prefix for non-Homebrew software. Using the output from this command, you can install your own software into the Cellar and then link it into Homebrew's prefix with `brew link`. The options `--name=``name` and `--version=``version` each take an argument and allow you to explicitly set the name and version of the package you are installing. * `doctor`: Check your system for potential problems. Doctor exits with a non-zero status if any potential problems are found. Please note that these warnings are just used to help the Homebrew maintainers with debugging if you file an issue. If everything you use Homebrew for is working fine: please don't worry or file an issue; just ignore this. * `fetch` [`--force`] [`--retry`] [`-v`] [`--devel`|`--HEAD`] [`--deps`] [`--build-from-source`|`--force-bottle`] `formulae`: Download the source packages for the given `formulae`. For tarballs, also print SHA-256 checksums. If `--HEAD` or `--devel` is passed, fetch that version instead of the stable version. If `-v` is passed, do a verbose VCS checkout, if the URL represents a VCS. This is useful for seeing if an existing VCS cache has been updated. If `--force` (or `-f`) is passed, remove a previously cached version and re-fetch. If `--retry` is passed, retry if a download fails or re-download if the checksum of a previously cached version no longer matches. If `--deps` is passed, also download dependencies for any listed `formulae`. If `--build-from-source` (or `-s`) is passed, download the source rather than a bottle. If `--force-bottle` is passed, download a bottle if it exists for the current or newest version of macOS, even if it would not be used during installation. * `gist-logs` [`--new-issue`|`-n`] `formula`: Upload logs for a failed build of `formula` to a new Gist. `formula` is usually the name of the formula to install, but it can be specified in several different ways. See [SPECIFYING FORMULAE](#specifying-formulae). If `--with-hostname` is passed, include the hostname in the Gist. If `--new-issue` is passed, automatically create a new issue in the appropriate GitHub repository as well as creating the Gist. If no logs are found, an error message is presented. * `home`: Open Homebrew's own homepage in a browser. * `home` `formula`: Open `formula`'s homepage in a browser. * `info`: Display brief statistics for your Homebrew installation. * `info` `formula`: Display information about `formula`. * `info` `--github` `formula`: Open a browser to the GitHub History page for `formula`. To view formula history locally: `brew log -p `formula * `info` `--json=``version` (`--all`|`--installed`|`formulae`): Print a JSON representation of `formulae`. Currently the only accepted value for `version` is `v1`. Pass `--all` to get information on all formulae, or `--installed` to get information on all installed formulae. See the docs for examples of using the JSON output: * `install` [`--debug`] [`--env=`(`std`|`super`)] [`--ignore-dependencies`|`--only-dependencies`] [`--cc=``compiler`] [`--build-from-source`|`--force-bottle`] [`--include-test`] [`--devel`|`--HEAD`] [`--keep-tmp`] [`--build-bottle`] [`--force`] [`--verbose`] `formula` [`options` ...]: Install `formula`. `formula` is usually the name of the formula to install, but it can be specified in several different ways. See [SPECIFYING FORMULAE](#specifying-formulae). If `--debug` (or `-d`) is passed and brewing fails, open an interactive debugging session with access to IRB or a shell inside the temporary build directory. If `--env=std` is passed, use the standard build environment instead of superenv. If `--env=super` is passed, use superenv even if the formula specifies the standard build environment. If `--ignore-dependencies` is passed, skip installing any dependencies of any kind. If they are not already present, the formula will probably fail to install. If `--only-dependencies` is passed, install the dependencies with specified options but do not install the specified formula. If `--cc=``compiler` is passed, attempt to compile using `compiler`. `compiler` should be the name of the compiler's executable, for instance `gcc-4.2` for Apple's GCC 4.2, or `gcc-4.9` for a Homebrew-provided GCC 4.9. If `--build-from-source` (or `-s`) is passed, compile the specified `formula` from source even if a bottle is provided. Dependencies will still be installed from bottles if they are available. If `HOMEBREW_BUILD_FROM_SOURCE` is set, regardless of whether `--build-from-source` was passed, then both `formula` and the dependencies installed as part of this process are built from source even if bottles are available. If `--force-bottle` is passed, install from a bottle if it exists for the current or newest version of macOS, even if it would not normally be used for installation. If `--include-test` is passed, install testing dependencies. These are only needed by formulae maintainers to run `brew test`. If `--devel` is passed, and `formula` defines it, install the development version. If `--HEAD` is passed, and `formula` defines it, install the HEAD version, aka master, trunk, unstable. If `--keep-tmp` is passed, the temporary files created during installation are not deleted. If `--build-bottle` is passed, prepare the formula for eventual bottling during installation. If `--force` (or `-f`) is passed, install without checking for previously installed keg-only or non-migrated versions If `--verbose` (or `-v`) is passed, print the verification and postinstall steps. Installation options specific to `formula` may be appended to the command, and can be listed with `brew options` `formula`. * `install` `--interactive` [`--git`] `formula`: If `--interactive` (or `-i`) is passed, download and patch `formula`, then open a shell. This allows the user to run `./configure --help` and otherwise determine how to turn the software package into a Homebrew formula. If `--git` (or `-g`) is passed, Homebrew will create a Git repository, useful for creating patches to the software. * `leaves`: Show installed formulae that are not dependencies of another installed formula. * `ln`, `link` [`--overwrite`] [`--dry-run`] [`--force`] `formula`: Symlink all of `formula`'s installed files into the Homebrew prefix. This is done automatically when you install formulae but can be useful for DIY installations. If `--overwrite` is passed, Homebrew will delete files which already exist in the prefix while linking. If `--dry-run` or `-n` is passed, Homebrew will list all files which would be linked or which would be deleted by `brew link --overwrite`, but will not actually link or delete any files. If `--force` (or `-f`) is passed, Homebrew will allow keg-only formulae to be linked. * `list`, `ls` [`--full-name`] [`-1`] [`-l`] [`-t`] [`-r`]: List all installed formulae. If `--full-name` is passed, print formulae with fully-qualified names. If `--full-name` is not passed, other options (i.e. `-1`, `-l`, `-t` and `-r`) are passed to `ls` which produces the actual output. * `list`, `ls` `--unbrewed`: List all files in the Homebrew prefix not installed by Homebrew. * `list`, `ls` [`--verbose`] [`--versions` [`--multiple`]] [`--pinned`] [`formulae`]: List the installed files for `formulae`. Combined with `--verbose`, recursively list the contents of all subdirectories in each `formula`'s keg. If `--versions` is passed, show the version number for installed formulae, or only the specified formulae if `formulae` are given. With `--multiple`, only show formulae with multiple versions installed. If `--pinned` is passed, show the versions of pinned formulae, or only the specified (pinned) formulae if `formulae` are given. See also `pin`, `unpin`. * `log` [`git-log-options`] `formula` ...: Show the git log for the given formulae. Options that `git-log`(1) recognizes can be passed before the formula list. * `migrate` [`--force`] `formulae`: Migrate renamed packages to new name, where `formulae` are old names of packages. If `--force` (or `-f`) is passed, then treat installed `formulae` and passed `formulae` like if they are from same taps and migrate them anyway. * `missing` [`--hide=``hidden`] [`formulae`]: Check the given `formulae` for missing dependencies. If no `formulae` are given, check all installed brews. If `--hide=``hidden` is passed, act as if none of `hidden` are installed. `hidden` should be a comma-separated list of formulae. `missing` exits with a non-zero status if any formulae are missing dependencies. * `options` [`--compact`] (`--all`|`--installed`|`formulae`): Display install options specific to `formulae`. If `--compact` is passed, show all options on a single line separated by spaces. If `--all` is passed, show options for all formulae. If `--installed` is passed, show options for all installed formulae. * `outdated` [`--quiet`|`--verbose`|`--json=``version`] [`--fetch-HEAD`]: Show formulae that have an updated version available. By default, version information is displayed in interactive shells, and suppressed otherwise. If `--quiet` is passed, list only the names of outdated brews (takes precedence over `--verbose`). If `--verbose` (or `-v`) is passed, display detailed version information. If `--json=``version` is passed, the output will be in JSON format. Currently the only accepted value for `version` is `v1`. If `--fetch-HEAD` is passed, fetch the upstream repository to detect if the HEAD installation of the formula is outdated. Otherwise, the repository's HEAD will be checked for updates when a new stable or devel version has been released. * `pin` `formulae`: Pin the specified `formulae`, preventing them from being upgraded when issuing the `brew upgrade `formulae command. See also `unpin`. * `postinstall` `formula`: Rerun the post-install steps for `formula`. * `prune` [`--dry-run`]: Remove dead symlinks from the Homebrew prefix. This is generally not needed, but can be useful when doing DIY installations. If `--dry-run` or `-n` is passed, show what would be removed, but do not actually remove anything. * `readall` [`--aliases`] [`--syntax`] [`taps`]: Import all formulae from specified `taps` (defaults to all installed taps). This can be useful for debugging issues across all formulae when making significant changes to `formula.rb`, testing the performance of loading all formulae or to determine if any current formulae have Ruby issues. If `--aliases` is passed, also verify any alias symlinks in each tap. If `--syntax` is passed, also syntax-check all of Homebrew's Ruby files. * `reinstall` `formula`: Uninstall and then install `formula` (with existing install options). * `search`, `-S`: Display all locally available formulae (including tapped ones). No online search is performed. * `search` `--casks` Display all locally available casks (including tapped ones). No online search is performed. * `search` [`--desc`] (`text`|`/``text``/`): Perform a substring search of cask tokens and formula names for `text`. If `text` is surrounded with slashes, then it is interpreted as a regular expression. The search for `text` is extended online to official taps. If `--desc` is passed, search formulae with a description matching `text` and casks with a name matching `text`. * `search` (`--debian`|`--fedora`|`--fink`|`--macports`|`--opensuse`|`--ubuntu`) `text`: Search for `text` in the given package manager's list. * `sh` [`--env=std`]: Start a Homebrew build environment shell. Uses our years-battle-hardened Homebrew build logic to help your `./configure && make && make install` or even your `gem install` succeed. Especially handy if you run Homebrew in an Xcode-only configuration since it adds tools like `make` to your `PATH` which otherwise build systems would not find. If `--env=std` is passed, use the standard `PATH` instead of superenv's. * `style` [`--fix`] [`--display-cop-names`] [`--only-cops=``cops`|`--except-cops=``cops`] [`files`|`taps`|`formulae`]: Check formulae or files for conformance to Homebrew style guidelines. Lists of `files`, `taps` and `formulae` may not be combined. If none are provided, `style` will run style checks on the whole Homebrew library, including core code and all formulae. If `--fix` is passed, automatically fix style violations using RuboCop's auto-correct feature. If `--display-cop-names` is passed, include the RuboCop cop name for each violation in the output. If `--rspec` is passed, install and use the RuboCop RSpec gem. Passing `--only-cops=``cops` will check for violations of only the listed RuboCop `cops`, while `--except-cops=``cops` will skip checking the listed `cops`. For either option `cops` should be a comma-separated list of cop names. Exits with a non-zero status if any style violations are found. * `switch` `formula` `version`: Symlink all of the specific `version` of `formula`'s install to Homebrew prefix. * `tap`: List all installed taps. * `tap` [`--full`] [`--force-auto-update`] `user``/``repo` [`URL`]: Tap a formula repository. With `URL` unspecified, taps a formula repository from GitHub using HTTPS. Since so many taps are hosted on GitHub, this command is a shortcut for `tap `user`/`repo` https://github.com/`user`/homebrew-`repo. With `URL` specified, taps a formula repository from anywhere, using any transport protocol that `git` handles. The one-argument form of `tap` simplifies but also limits. This two-argument command makes no assumptions, so taps can be cloned from places other than GitHub and using protocols other than HTTPS, e.g., SSH, GIT, HTTP, FTP(S), RSYNC. By default, the repository is cloned as a shallow copy (`--depth=1`), but if `--full` is passed, a full clone will be used. To convert a shallow copy to a full copy, you can retap passing `--full` without first untapping. By default, only taps hosted on GitHub are auto-updated (for performance reasons). If `--force-auto-update` is passed, this tap will be auto-updated even if it is not hosted on GitHub. `tap` is re-runnable and exits successfully if there's nothing to do. However, retapping with a different `URL` will cause an exception, so first `untap` if you need to modify the `URL`. * `tap` `--repair`: Migrate tapped formulae from symlink-based to directory-based structure. * `tap` `--list-pinned`: List all pinned taps. * `tap-info`: Display a brief summary of all installed taps. * `tap-info` (`--installed`|`taps`): Display detailed information about one or more `taps`. Pass `--installed` to display information on all installed taps. * `tap-info` `--json=``version` (`--installed`|`taps`): Print a JSON representation of `taps`. Currently the only accepted value for `version` is `v1`. Pass `--installed` to get information on installed taps. See the docs for examples of using the JSON output: * `tap-pin` `tap`: Pin `tap`, prioritizing its formulae over core when formula names are supplied by the user. See also `tap-unpin`. * `tap-unpin` `tap`: Unpin `tap` so its formulae are no longer prioritized. See also `tap-pin`. * `uninstall`, `rm`, `remove` [`--force`] [`--ignore-dependencies`] `formula`: Uninstall `formula`. If `--force` (or `-f`) is passed, and there are multiple versions of `formula` installed, delete all installed versions. If `--ignore-dependencies` is passed, uninstalling won't fail, even if formulae depending on `formula` would still be installed. * `unlink` [`--dry-run`] `formula`: Remove symlinks for `formula` from the Homebrew prefix. This can be useful for temporarily disabling a formula: `brew unlink `formula` && `commands` && brew link `formula If `--dry-run` or `-n` is passed, Homebrew will list all files which would be unlinked, but will not actually unlink or delete any files. * `unpack` [`--git`|`--patch`] [`--destdir=``path`] `formulae`: Unpack the source files for `formulae` into subdirectories of the current working directory. If `--destdir=``path` is given, the subdirectories will be created in the directory named by `path` instead. If `--patch` is passed, patches for `formulae` will be applied to the unpacked source. If `--git` (or `-g`) is passed, a Git repository will be initialized in the unpacked source. This is useful for creating patches for the software. * `unpin` `formulae`: Unpin `formulae`, allowing them to be upgraded by `brew upgrade `formulae. See also `pin`. * `untap` `tap`: Remove a tapped repository. * `update` [`--merge`] [`--force`]: Fetch the newest version of Homebrew and all formulae from GitHub using `git`(1) and perform any necessary migrations. If `--merge` is specified then `git merge` is used to include updates (rather than `git rebase`). If `--force` (or `-f`) is specified then always do a slower, full update check even if unnecessary. * `update-reset`: Fetches and resets Homebrew and all tap repositories using `git`(1) to their latest `origin/master`. Note this will destroy all your uncommitted or committed changes. * `upgrade` [`install-options`] [`--cleanup`] [`--fetch-HEAD`] [`--ignore-pinned`] [`formulae`]: Upgrade outdated, unpinned brews (with existing install options). Options for the `install` command are also valid here. If `--cleanup` is specified or `HOMEBREW_UPGRADE_CLEANUP` is set then remove previously installed `formula` version(s). If `--fetch-HEAD` is passed, fetch the upstream repository to detect if the HEAD installation of the formula is outdated. Otherwise, the repository's HEAD will be checked for updates when a new stable or devel version has been released. If `--ignore-pinned` is passed, set a 0 exit code even if pinned formulae are not upgraded. If `formulae` are given, upgrade only the specified brews (unless they are pinned; see `pin`, `unpin`). * `uses` [`--installed`] [`--recursive`] [`--include-build`] [`--include-test`] [`--include-optional`] [`--skip-recommended`] [`--devel`|`--HEAD`] `formulae`: Show the formulae that specify `formulae` as a dependency. When given multiple formula arguments, show the intersection of formulae that use `formulae`. Use `--recursive` to resolve more than one level of dependencies. If `--installed` is passed, only list installed formulae. By default, `uses` shows all formulae that specify `formulae` as a required or recommended dependency. To include the `:build` type dependencies, pass `--include-build`, to include the `:test` type dependencies, pass `--include-test` and to include `:optional` dependencies pass `--include-optional`. To skip `:recommended` type dependencies, pass `--skip-recommended`. By default, `uses` shows usage of `formulae` by stable builds. To find cases where `formulae` is used by development or HEAD build, pass `--devel` or `--HEAD`. * `--cache`: Display Homebrew's download cache. See also `HOMEBREW_CACHE`. * `--cache` [`--build-from-source`|`-s`] [`--force-bottle`] `formula`: Display the file or directory used to cache `formula`. * `--cellar`: Display Homebrew's Cellar path. *Default:* `$(brew --prefix)/Cellar`, or if that directory doesn't exist, `$(brew --repository)/Cellar`. * `--cellar` `formula`: Display the location in the cellar where `formula` would be installed, without any sort of versioned directory as the last path. * `--env` [`--shell=`(`shell`|`auto`)|`--plain`]: Show a summary of the Homebrew build environment as a plain list. Pass `--shell=``shell` to generate a list of environment variables for the specified shell, or `--shell=auto` to detect the current shell. If the command's output is sent through a pipe and no shell is specified, the list is formatted for export to `bash`(1) unless `--plain` is passed. * `--prefix`: Display Homebrew's install path. *Default:* `/usr/local` * `--prefix` `formula`: Display the location in the cellar where `formula` is or would be installed. * `--repository`: Display where Homebrew's `.git` directory is located. * `--repository` `user``/``repo`: Display where tap `user``/``repo`'s directory is located. * `--version`: Print the version number of Homebrew to standard output and exit. ## DEVELOPER COMMANDS * `audit` [`--strict`] [`--fix`] [`--online`] [`--new-formula`] [`--display-cop-names`] [`--display-filename`] [`--only=``method`|`--except=``method`] [`--only-cops=``cops`|`--except-cops=``cops`] [`formulae`]: Check `formulae` for Homebrew coding style violations. This should be run before submitting a new formula. If no `formulae` are provided, all of them are checked. If `--strict` is passed, additional checks are run, including RuboCop style checks. If `--fix` is passed, style violations will be automatically fixed using RuboCop's auto-correct feature. If `--online` is passed, additional slower checks that require a network connection are run. If `--new-formula` is passed, various additional checks are run that check if a new formula is eligible for Homebrew. This should be used when creating new formulae and implies `--strict` and `--online`. If `--display-cop-names` is passed, the RuboCop cop name for each violation is included in the output. If `--display-filename` is passed, every line of output is prefixed with the name of the file or formula being audited, to make the output easy to grep. Passing `--only=``method` will run only the methods named `audit_`method, while `--except=``method` will skip the methods named `audit_`method. For either option `method` should be a comma-separated list. Passing `--only-cops=``cops` will check for violations of only the listed RuboCop `cops`, while `--except-cops=``cops` will skip checking the listed `cops`. For either option `cops` should be a comma-separated list of cop names. `audit` exits with a non-zero status if any errors are found. This is useful, for instance, for implementing pre-commit hooks. * `bottle` [`--verbose`] [`--no-rebuild`|`--keep-old`] [`--skip-relocation`] [`--or-later`] [`--root-url=``URL`] [`--force-core-tap`] `formulae`: Generate a bottle (binary package) from a formula installed with `--build-bottle`. If the formula specifies a rebuild version, it will be incremented in the generated DSL. Passing `--keep-old` will attempt to keep it at its original value, while `--no-rebuild` will remove it. If `--verbose` (or `-v`) is passed, print the bottling commands and any warnings encountered. If `--skip-relocation` is passed, do not check if the bottle can be marked as relocatable. If `--root-url` is passed, use the specified `URL` as the root of the bottle's URL instead of Homebrew's default. If `--or-later` is passed, append _or_later to the bottle tag. If `--force-core-tap` is passed, build a bottle even if `formula` is not in homebrew/core or any installed taps. * `bottle` `--merge` [`--keep-old`] [`--write` [`--no-commit`]] `formulae`: Generate a bottle from a formula and print the new DSL merged into the existing formula. If `--write` is passed, write the changes to the formula file. A new commit will then be generated unless `--no-commit` is passed. * `bump-formula-pr` [`--devel`] [`--dry-run` [`--write`]] [`--audit`|`--strict`] [`--mirror=``URL`] [`--version=``version`] [`--message=``message`] (`--url=``URL` `--sha256=``sha-256`|`--tag=``tag` `--revision=``revision`) `formula`: Creates a pull request to update the formula with a new URL or a new tag. If a `URL` is specified, the `sha-256` checksum of the new download must also be specified. A best effort to determine the `sha-256` and `formula` name will be made if either or both values are not supplied by the user. If a `tag` is specified, the git commit `revision` corresponding to that tag must also be specified. If `--devel` is passed, bump the development rather than stable version. The development spec must already exist. If `--dry-run` is passed, print what would be done rather than doing it. If `--write` is passed along with `--dry-run`, perform a not-so-dry run making the expected file modifications but not taking any git actions. If `--audit` is passed, run `brew audit` before opening the PR. If `--strict` is passed, run `brew audit --strict` before opening the PR. If `--mirror=``URL` is passed, use the value as a mirror URL. If `--version=``version` is passed, use the value to override the value parsed from the URL or tag. Note that `--version=0` can be used to delete an existing `version` override from a formula if it has become redundant. If `--message=``message` is passed, append `message` to the default PR message. If `--no-browse` is passed, don't pass the `--browse` argument to `hub` which opens the pull request URL in a browser. Instead, output it to the command line. If `--quiet` is passed, don't output replacement messages or warn about duplicate pull requests. Note that this command cannot be used to transition a formula from a URL-and-sha256 style specification into a tag-and-revision style specification, nor vice versa. It must use whichever style specification the preexisting formula already uses. * `create` `URL` [`--autotools`|`--cmake`|`--meson`] [`--no-fetch`] [`--set-name` `name`] [`--set-version` `version`] [`--tap` `user``/``repo`]: Generate a formula for the downloadable file at `URL` and open it in the editor. Homebrew will attempt to automatically derive the formula name and version, but if it fails, you'll have to make your own template. The `wget` formula serves as a simple example. For the complete API have a look at . If `--autotools` is passed, create a basic template for an Autotools-style build. If `--cmake` is passed, create a basic template for a CMake-style build. If `--meson` is passed, create a basic template for a Meson-style build. If `--no-fetch` is passed, Homebrew will not download `URL` to the cache and will thus not add the SHA256 to the formula for you. It will also not check the GitHub API for GitHub projects (to fill out the description and homepage). The options `--set-name` and `--set-version` each take an argument and allow you to explicitly set the name and version of the package you are creating. The option `--tap` takes a tap as its argument and generates the formula in the specified tap. * `edit`: Open all of Homebrew for editing. * `edit` `formula`: Open `formula` in the editor. * `formula` `formula`: Display the path where `formula` is located. * `irb` [`--examples`] [`--pry`]: Enter the interactive Homebrew Ruby shell. If `--examples` is passed, several examples will be shown. If `--pry` is passed or HOMEBREW_PRY is set, pry will be used instead of irb. * `linkage` [`--test`] [`--reverse`] `formula`: Checks the library links of an installed formula. Only works on installed formulae. An error is raised if it is run on uninstalled formulae. If `--test` is passed, only display missing libraries and exit with a non-zero exit code if any missing libraries were found. If `--reverse` is passed, print the dylib followed by the binaries which link to it for each library the keg references. * `man` [`--fail-if-changed`]: Generate Homebrew's manpages. If `--fail-if-changed` is passed, the command will return a failing status code if changes are detected in the manpage outputs. This can be used for CI to be notified when the manpages are out of date. Additionally, the date used in new manpages will match those in the existing manpages (to allow comparison without factoring in the date). * `prof` [`ruby options`]: Run Homebrew with the Ruby profiler. For example: * `pull` [`--bottle`] [`--bump`] [`--clean`] [`--ignore-whitespace`] [`--resolve`] [`--branch-okay`] [`--no-pbcopy`] [`--no-publish`] [`--warn-on-publish-failure`] [`--bintray-org=``bintray-org`] [`--test-bot-user=``test-bot-user`] `patch-source` [`patch-source`]: Gets a patch from a GitHub commit or pull request and applies it to Homebrew. Optionally, installs the formulae changed by the patch. Each `patch-source` may be one of: ~ The ID number of a PR (pull request) in the homebrew/core GitHub repository ~ The URL of a PR on GitHub, using either the web page or API URL formats. In this form, the PR may be on Homebrew/brew, Homebrew/homebrew-core or any tap. ~ The URL of a commit on GitHub ~ A "https://jenkins.brew.sh/job/..." string specifying a testing job ID If `--bottle` is passed, handle bottles, pulling the bottle-update commit and publishing files on Bintray. If `--bump` is passed, for one-formula PRs, automatically reword commit message to our preferred format. If `--clean` is passed, do not rewrite or otherwise modify the commits found in the pulled PR. If `--ignore-whitespace` is passed, silently ignore whitespace discrepancies when applying diffs. If `--resolve` is passed, when a patch fails to apply, leave in progress and allow user to resolve, instead of aborting. If `--branch-okay` is passed, do not warn if pulling to a branch besides master (useful for testing). If `--no-pbcopy` is passed, do not copy anything to the system clipboard. If `--no-publish` is passed, do not publish bottles to Bintray. If `--warn-on-publish-failure` was passed, do not exit if there's a failure publishing bottles on Bintray. If `--bintray-org=``bintray-org` is passed, publish at the given Bintray organisation. If `--test-bot-user=``test-bot-user` is passed, pull the bottle block commit from the specified user on GitHub. * `release-notes` [`--markdown`] [`previous_tag`] [`end_ref`]: Output the merged pull requests on Homebrew/brew between two Git refs. If no `previous_tag` is provided it defaults to the latest tag. If no `end_ref` is provided it defaults to `origin/master`. If `--markdown` is passed, output as a Markdown list. * `ruby` [`ruby options`]: Run a Ruby instance with Homebrew's libraries loaded. For example: * `tap-new` `user``/``repo`: Generate the template files for a new tap. * `test` [`--devel`|`--HEAD`] [`--debug`] [`--keep-tmp`] `formula`: Most formulae provide a test method. `brew test` `formula` runs this test method. There is no standard output or return code, but it should generally indicate to the user if something is wrong with the installed formula. To test the development or head version of a formula, use `--devel` or `--HEAD`. If `--debug` (or `-d`) is passed and the test fails, an interactive debugger will be launched with access to IRB or a shell inside the temporary test directory. If `--keep-tmp` is passed, the temporary files created for the test are not deleted. Example: `brew install jruby && brew test jruby` * `tests` [`--verbose`] [`--coverage`] [`--generic`] [`--no-compat`] [`--only=``test_script`[`:``line_number`]] [`--seed=``seed`] [`--online`] [`--official-cmd-taps`]: Run Homebrew's unit and integration tests. If provided, `--only=``test_script` runs only `test_script`_spec.rb, and `--seed` randomizes tests with the provided value instead of a random seed. If `--verbose` (or `-v`) is passed, print the command that runs the tests. If `--coverage` is passed, also generate code coverage reports. If `--generic` is passed, only run OS-agnostic tests. If `--no-compat` is passed, do not load the compatibility layer when running tests. If `--online` is passed, include tests that use the GitHub API and tests that use any of the taps for official external commands. * `update-test` [`--commit=``commit`] [`--before=``date`] [`--to-tag`] [`--keep-tmp`]: Runs a test of `brew update` with a new repository clone. If no arguments are passed, use `origin/master` as the start commit. If `--commit=``commit` is passed, use `commit` as the start commit. If `--before=``date` is passed, use the commit at `date` as the start commit. If `--to-tag` is passed, set `HOMEBREW_UPDATE_TO_TAG` to test updating between tags. If `--keep-tmp` is passed, retain the temporary directory containing the new repository clone. ## OFFICIAL EXTERNAL COMMANDS * `bundle` `command`: Bundler for non-Ruby dependencies from Homebrew. `bundle` [`install`] [`-v`|`--verbose`] [`--no-upgrade`] [`--file=``path`|`--global`]: Install or upgrade all dependencies in a Brewfile. `brew bundle dump` [`--force`] [`--describe`] [`--file=``path`|`--global`] Write all installed casks/formulae/taps into a Brewfile. `brew bundle cleanup` [`--force`] [`--zap`] [`--file=``path`|`--global`] Uninstall all dependencies not listed in a Brewfile. `brew bundle check` [`--no-upgrade`] [`--file`=`path`|`--global`] Check if all dependencies are installed in a Brewfile. `brew bundle exec` `command` Run an external command in an isolated build environment. `brew bundle list` [`--all`|`--brews`|`--casks`|`--taps`|`--mas`] [`--file=``path`|`--global`] List all dependencies present in a Brewfile, optionally limiting by types. By default, only brew dependencies are output. If `-v` or `--verbose` are passed, print verbose output. If `--no-upgrade` is passed, don't run `brew upgrade` outdated dependencies. Note they may still be upgraded by `brew install` if needed. If `--force` is passed, uninstall dependencies or overwrite an existing Brewfile. If `--file=`path is passed, the Brewfile path is set accordingly Use `--file=-` to output to console. If `--global` is passed, set Brewfile path to `$HOME/.Brewfile`. If `--describe` is passed, output a description comment above each line. This comment will not be output if the dependency does not have a description. If `-h` or `--help` are passed, print this help message and exit. Homebrew/homebrew-bundle * `cask` [`--version` | `audit` | `cat` | `cleanup` | `create` | `doctor` | `edit` | `fetch` | `home` | `info`]: Install macOS applications distributed as binaries. Homebrew/homebrew-cask * `services` `command`: Integrates Homebrew formulae with macOS' `launchctl` manager. [`sudo`] `brew services list` List all running services for the current user (or `root`) [`sudo`] `brew services run` `formula|--all` Run the service `formula` without starting at login (or boot). [`sudo`] `brew services` `start` `formula|--all` Start the service `formula` immediately and register it to launch at login (or `boot`). [`sudo`] `brew services` `stop` `formula|--all` Stop the service `formula` immediately and unregister it from launching at login (or `boot`). [`sudo`] `brew services` `restart` `formula|--all` Stop (if necessary) and start the service immediately and register it to launch at login (or `boot`). [`sudo`] `brew services` `cleanup` Remove all unused services. If `sudo` is passed, operate on `/Library/LaunchDaemons` (started at boot). Otherwise, operate on `~/Library/LaunchAgents (started at login)`. Homebrew/homebrew-services ## CUSTOM EXTERNAL COMMANDS Homebrew, like `git`(1), supports external commands. These are executable scripts that reside somewhere in the `PATH`, named `brew-``cmdname` or `brew-``cmdname``.rb`, which can be invoked like `brew` `cmdname`. This allows you to create your own commands without modifying Homebrew's internals. Instructions for creating your own commands can be found in the docs: ## SPECIFYING FORMULAE Many Homebrew commands accept one or more `formula` arguments. These arguments can take several different forms: * The name of a formula: e.g. `git`, `node`, `wget`. * The fully-qualified name of a tapped formula: Sometimes a formula from a tapped repository may conflict with one in `homebrew/core`. You can still access these formulae by using a special syntax, e.g. `homebrew/dupes/vim` or `homebrew/versions/node4`. * An arbitrary URL: Homebrew can install formulae via URL, e.g. `https://raw.github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/master/Formula/git.rb`. The formula file will be cached for later use. ## ENVIRONMENT Note that environment variables must have a value set to be detected. For example, `export HOMEBREW_NO_INSECURE_REDIRECT=1` rather than just `export HOMEBREW_NO_INSECURE_REDIRECT`. * `HOMEBREW_ARTIFACT_DOMAIN`: If set, instructs Homebrew to use the given URL as a download mirror for bottles and binaries. * `HOMEBREW_AUTO_UPDATE_SECS`: If set, Homebrew will only check for autoupdates once per this seconds interval. *Default:* `60`. * `HOMEBREW_AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`, `HOMEBREW_AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`: When using the `S3` download strategy, Homebrew will look in these variables for access credentials (see to retrieve these access credentials from AWS). If they are not set, the `S3` download strategy will download with a public (unsigned) URL. * `HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN`: If set, instructs Homebrew to use the given URL as a download mirror for bottles. * `HOMEBREW_BROWSER`: If set, uses this setting as the browser when opening project homepages, instead of the OS default browser. * `HOMEBREW_BUILD_FROM_SOURCE`: If set, instructs Homebrew to compile from source even when a formula provides a bottle. This environment variable is intended for use by Homebrew developers. Please do not file issues if you encounter errors when using this environment variable. * `HOMEBREW_CACHE`: If set, instructs Homebrew to use the given directory as the download cache. *Default:* `~/Library/Caches/Homebrew`. * `HOMEBREW_CURLRC`: If set, Homebrew will not pass `-q` when invoking `curl`(1) (which disables the use of `curlrc`). * `HOMEBREW_CURL_VERBOSE`: If set, Homebrew will pass `--verbose` when invoking `curl`(1). * `HOMEBREW_DEBUG`: If set, any commands that can emit debugging information will do so. * `HOMEBREW_DEBUG_INSTALL`: When `brew install -d` or `brew install -i` drops into a shell, `HOMEBREW_DEBUG_INSTALL` will be set to the name of the formula being brewed. * `HOMEBREW_DEBUG_PREFIX`: When `brew install -d` or `brew install -i` drops into a shell, `HOMEBREW_DEBUG_PREFIX` will be set to the target prefix in the Cellar of the formula being brewed. * `HOMEBREW_DEVELOPER`: If set, Homebrew will tweak behaviour to be more relevant for Homebrew developers (active or budding) e.g. turning warnings into errors. * `HOMEBREW_EDITOR`: If set, Homebrew will use this editor when editing a single formula, or several formulae in the same directory. *Note:* `brew edit` will open all of Homebrew as discontinuous files and directories. TextMate can handle this correctly in project mode, but many editors will do strange things in this case. * `HOMEBREW_FORCE_BREWED_CURL`: If set, Homebrew will use a Homebrew-installed `curl` rather than the system version. * `HOMEBREW_FORCE_VENDOR_RUBY`: If set, Homebrew will always use its vendored, relocatable Ruby version even if the system version of Ruby is new enough. * `HOMEBREW_GIT`: When using Git, Homebrew will use `GIT` if set, a Homebrew-built Git if installed, or the system-provided binary. Set this to force Homebrew to use a particular git binary. * `HOMEBREW_FORCE_BREWED_GIT`: If set, Homebrew will use a Homebrew-installed `git` rather than the system version. * `HOMEBREW_GITHUB_API_TOKEN`: A personal access token for the GitHub API, which you can create at . If set, GitHub will allow you a greater number of API requests. See for more information. Homebrew uses the GitHub API for features such as `brew search`. *Note:* Homebrew doesn't require permissions for any of the scopes. * `HOMEBREW_INSTALL_BADGE`: Text printed before the installation summary of each successful build. Defaults to the beer emoji. * `HOMEBREW_LOGS`: If set, Homebrew will use the given directory to store log files. * `HOMEBREW_MAKE_JOBS`: If set, instructs Homebrew to use the value of `HOMEBREW_MAKE_JOBS` as the number of parallel jobs to run when building with `make`(1). *Default:* the number of available CPU cores. * `HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS`: If set, Homebrew will not send analytics. See: * `HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE`: If set, Homebrew will not auto-update before running `brew install`, `brew upgrade` or `brew tap`. * `HOMEBREW_NO_COLOR`: If set, Homebrew will not print text with color added. * `HOMEBREW_NO_EMOJI`: If set, Homebrew will not print the `HOMEBREW_INSTALL_BADGE` on a successful build. *Note:* Homebrew will only try to print emoji on Lion or newer. * `HOMEBREW_NO_INSECURE_REDIRECT`: If set, Homebrew will not permit redirects from secure HTTPS to insecure HTTP. While ensuring your downloads are fully secure, this is likely to cause from-source SourceForge, some GNU & GNOME based formulae to fail to download. * `HOMEBREW_NO_GITHUB_API`: If set, Homebrew will not use the GitHub API for e.g searches or fetching relevant issues on a failed install. * `HOMEBREW_PRY`: If set, Homebrew will use `pry` for the `brew irb` command. * `HOMEBREW_SVN`: When exporting from Subversion, Homebrew will use `HOMEBREW_SVN` if set, a Homebrew-built Subversion if installed, or the system-provided binary. Set this to force Homebrew to use a particular `svn` binary. * `HOMEBREW_TEMP`: If set, instructs Homebrew to use `HOMEBREW_TEMP` as the temporary directory for building packages. This may be needed if your system temp directory and Homebrew Prefix are on different volumes, as macOS has trouble moving symlinks across volumes when the target does not yet exist. This issue typically occurs when using FileVault or custom SSD configurations. * `HOMEBREW_UPGRADE_CLEANUP`: If set, `brew upgrade` always assumes `--cleanup` has been passed. * `HOMEBREW_VERBOSE`: If set, Homebrew always assumes `--verbose` when running commands. * `http_proxy`: Sets the HTTP proxy to be used by `curl`, `git` and `svn` when downloading through Homebrew. * `https_proxy`: Sets the HTTPS proxy to be used by `curl`, `git` and `svn` when downloading through Homebrew. * `all_proxy`: Sets the SOCKS5 proxy to be used by `curl`, `git` and `svn` when downloading through Homebrew. * `ftp_proxy`: Sets the FTP proxy to be used by `curl`, `git` and `svn` when downloading through Homebrew. * `no_proxy`: Sets the comma-separated list of hostnames and domain names that should be excluded from proxying by `curl`, `git` and `svn` when downloading through Homebrew. ## USING HOMEBREW BEHIND A PROXY Use the `http_proxy`, `https_proxy`, `all_proxy`, `no_proxy` and/or `ftp_proxy` documented above. For example for an unauthenticated HTTP or SOCKS5 proxy: export http_proxy=http://`host`:`port` export all_proxy=socks5://`host`:`port` And for an authenticated HTTP proxy: export http_proxy=http://`user`:`password`@`host`:`port` ## SEE ALSO Homebrew Documentation: `brew-cask`(1), `git`(1), `git-log`(1) ## AUTHORS Homebrew's lead maintainer is Mike McQuaid. Homebrew/homebrew-core's lead maintainer is ilovezfs. Homebrew/brew's other current maintainers are ilovezfs, JCount, Misty De Meo, Gautham Goli, Markus Reiter and William Woodruff. Homebrew/homebrew-core's other current maintainers are FX Coudert, JCount, Misty De Meo and Tom Schoonjans. Former maintainers with significant contributions include Tim Smith, Baptiste Fontaine, Xu Cheng, Martin Afanasjew, Dominyk Tiller, Brett Koonce, Charlie Sharpsteen, Jack Nagel, Adam Vandenberg, Andrew Janke, Alex Dunn, neutric, Tomasz Pajor, Uladzislau Shablinski, Alyssa Ross, and Homebrew's creator: Max Howell. ## BUGS See our issues on GitHub: * Homebrew/brew * Homebrew/homebrew-core [SYNOPSIS]: #SYNOPSIS "SYNOPSIS" [DESCRIPTION]: #DESCRIPTION "DESCRIPTION" [ESSENTIAL COMMANDS]: #ESSENTIAL-COMMANDS "ESSENTIAL COMMANDS" [COMMANDS]: #COMMANDS "COMMANDS" [DEVELOPER COMMANDS]: #DEVELOPER-COMMANDS "DEVELOPER COMMANDS" [OFFICIAL EXTERNAL COMMANDS]: #OFFICIAL-EXTERNAL-COMMANDS "OFFICIAL EXTERNAL COMMANDS" [CUSTOM EXTERNAL COMMANDS]: #CUSTOM-EXTERNAL-COMMANDS "CUSTOM EXTERNAL COMMANDS" [SPECIFYING FORMULAE]: #SPECIFYING-FORMULAE "SPECIFYING FORMULAE" [ENVIRONMENT]: #ENVIRONMENT "ENVIRONMENT" [USING HOMEBREW BEHIND A PROXY]: #USING-HOMEBREW-BEHIND-A-PROXY "USING HOMEBREW BEHIND A PROXY" [SEE ALSO]: #SEE-ALSO "SEE ALSO" [AUTHORS]: #AUTHORS "AUTHORS" [BUGS]: #BUGS "BUGS" [-]: -.html