diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/api.rb b/Library/Homebrew/api.rb
index 8e1a3994d0..c09fb2b000 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/api.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/api.rb
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ module Homebrew
 
       if download_queue
         unless skip_download
-          download = Homebrew::API::Download.new(url, nil, cache: HOMEBREW_CACHE_API, require_checksum: false)
+          require "api/json_download"
+          download = Homebrew::API::JSONDownload.new(endpoint, target:, stale_seconds:)
           download_queue.enqueue(download)
         end
         return [{}, false]
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/api/cask.rb b/Library/Homebrew/api/cask.rb
index f5d762b136..cc72ff13ef 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/api/cask.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/api/cask.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 require "cachable"
 require "api"
-require "api/download"
+require "api/source_download"
 require "download_queue"
 
 module Homebrew
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ module Homebrew
         git_head = cask.tap_git_head || "HEAD"
         tap = cask.tap&.full_name || "Homebrew/homebrew-cask"
 
-        download = Homebrew::API::Download.new(
+        download = Homebrew::API::SourceDownload.new(
           "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/#{tap}/#{git_head}/#{path}",
           checksum,
           mirrors: [
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/api/download.rb b/Library/Homebrew/api/download.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index db20a37d0a..0000000000
--- a/Library/Homebrew/api/download.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-# typed: strict
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require "downloadable"
-
-module Homebrew
-  module API
-    class DownloadStrategy < CurlDownloadStrategy
-      sig { override.returns(Pathname) }
-      def symlink_location
-        cache/name
-      end
-    end
-
-    class Download
-      include Downloadable
-
-      sig {
-        params(
-          url:              String,
-          checksum:         T.nilable(Checksum),
-          mirrors:          T::Array[String],
-          cache:            T.nilable(Pathname),
-          require_checksum: T::Boolean,
-        ).void
-      }
-      def initialize(url, checksum, mirrors: [], cache: nil, require_checksum: true)
-        super()
-        @url = T.let(URL.new(url, using: API::DownloadStrategy), URL)
-        @checksum = checksum
-        @mirrors = mirrors
-        @cache = cache
-        @require_checksum = require_checksum
-      end
-
-      sig { override.returns(API::DownloadStrategy) }
-      def downloader
-        T.cast(super, API::DownloadStrategy)
-      end
-
-      sig { override.returns(String) }
-      def name
-        download_name
-      end
-
-      sig { override.returns(String) }
-      def download_type
-        "API source"
-      end
-
-      sig { override.returns(Pathname) }
-      def cache
-        @cache || super
-      end
-
-      sig { returns(Pathname) }
-      def symlink_location
-        downloader.symlink_location
-      end
-
-      private
-
-      sig { override.returns(T::Boolean) }
-      def silence_checksum_missing_error?
-        !@require_checksum
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/api/formula.rb b/Library/Homebrew/api/formula.rb
index 59682a7a95..ba02f8a086 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/api/formula.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/api/formula.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 require "cachable"
 require "api"
-require "api/download"
+require "api/source_download"
 require "download_queue"
 
 module Homebrew
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ module Homebrew
         git_head = formula.tap_git_head || "HEAD"
         tap = formula.tap&.full_name || "Homebrew/homebrew-core"
 
-        download = Homebrew::API::Download.new(
+        download = Homebrew::API::SourceDownload.new(
           "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/#{tap}/#{git_head}/#{path}",
           formula.ruby_source_checksum,
           cache: HOMEBREW_CACHE_API_SOURCE/"#{tap}/#{git_head}/Formula",
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/api/json_download.rb b/Library/Homebrew/api/json_download.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2f28252a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/api/json_download.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+# typed: strict
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "downloadable"
+
+module Homebrew
+  module API
+    class JSONDownloadStrategy < AbstractDownloadStrategy
+      sig { params(url: String, name: String, version: T.any(NilClass, String, Version), meta: T.untyped).void }
+      def initialize(url, name, version, **meta)
+        super
+        @target = T.let(meta.fetch(:target), Pathname)
+        @stale_seconds = T.let(meta.fetch(:stale_seconds), Integer)
+      end
+
+      sig { override.params(timeout: T.nilable(T.any(Integer, Float))).returns(Pathname) }
+      def fetch(timeout: nil)
+        with_context quiet: quiet? do
+          Homebrew::API.fetch_json_api_file(url, target: cached_location, stale_seconds: meta.fetch(:stale_seconds))
+        end
+        cached_location
+      end
+
+      sig { override.returns(Pathname) }
+      def cached_location
+        meta.fetch(:target)
+      end
+    end
+
+    class JSONDownload
+      include Downloadable
+
+      sig { params(url: String, target: Pathname, stale_seconds: Integer).void }
+      def initialize(url, target:, stale_seconds:)
+        super()
+        @url = T.let(URL.new(url, using: API::JSONDownloadStrategy, target:, stale_seconds:), URL)
+        @target = target
+        @stale_seconds = stale_seconds
+      end
+
+      sig { override.returns(API::JSONDownloadStrategy) }
+      def downloader
+        T.cast(super, API::JSONDownloadStrategy)
+      end
+
+      sig { override.returns(String) }
+      def name = download_name
+
+      sig { override.returns(String) }
+      def download_type = "JSON API"
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/api/source_download.rb b/Library/Homebrew/api/source_download.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..271375f8c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/api/source_download.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# typed: strict
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "downloadable"
+
+module Homebrew
+  module API
+    class SourceDownloadStrategy < CurlDownloadStrategy
+      sig { override.returns(Pathname) }
+      def symlink_location
+        cache/name
+      end
+    end
+
+    class SourceDownload
+      include Downloadable
+
+      sig {
+        params(
+          url:      String,
+          checksum: T.nilable(Checksum),
+          mirrors:  T::Array[String],
+          cache:    T.nilable(Pathname),
+        ).void
+      }
+      def initialize(url, checksum, mirrors: [], cache: nil)
+        super()
+        @url = T.let(URL.new(url, using: API::SourceDownloadStrategy), URL)
+        @checksum = checksum
+        @mirrors = mirrors
+        @cache = cache
+      end
+
+      sig { override.returns(API::SourceDownloadStrategy) }
+      def downloader
+        T.cast(super, API::SourceDownloadStrategy)
+      end
+
+      sig { override.returns(String) }
+      def name = download_name
+
+      sig { override.returns(String) }
+      def download_type = "API Source"
+
+      sig { override.returns(Pathname) }
+      def cache
+        @cache || super
+      end
+
+      sig { returns(Pathname) }
+      def symlink_location
+        downloader.symlink_location
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/bottle.rb b/Library/Homebrew/bottle.rb
index a2351fd89c..07944d8415 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/bottle.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/bottle.rb
@@ -185,6 +185,9 @@ class Bottle
     end
   end
 
+  sig { override.returns(String) }
+  def download_type = "Bottle"
+
   private
 
   def select_download_strategy(specs)
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cask/download.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cask/download.rb
index 0c73efd33a..7de305ee67 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cask/download.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cask/download.rb
@@ -95,14 +95,10 @@ module Cask
     end
 
     sig { override.returns(String) }
-    def download_name
-      cask.token
-    end
+    def download_name = cask.token
 
     sig { override.returns(String) }
-    def download_type
-      "cask"
-    end
+    def download_type = "Cask"
 
     private
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/download_queue.rb b/Library/Homebrew/download_queue.rb
index d616352043..4767a3e1b7 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/download_queue.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/download_queue.rb
@@ -21,16 +21,10 @@ module Homebrew
     sig { params(downloadable: Downloadable).void }
     def enqueue(downloadable)
       downloads[downloadable] ||= Concurrent::Promises.future_on(
-        pool, RetryableDownload.new(downloadable, tries:), force, quiet
+        pool, RetryableDownload.new(downloadable, tries:, pour:), force, quiet
       ) do |download, force, quiet|
         download.clear_cache if force
         download.fetch(quiet:)
-        if pour && download.bottle?
-          UnpackStrategy.detect(download.cached_download, prioritize_extension: true)
-                        .extract_nestedly(to: HOMEBREW_CELLAR)
-        elsif download.api?
-          FileUtils.touch(download.cached_download, mtime: Time.now)
-        end
       end
     end
 
@@ -42,7 +36,7 @@ module Homebrew
         downloads.each do |downloadable, promise|
           promise.wait!
         rescue ChecksumMismatchError => e
-          opoo "#{downloadable.download_type.capitalize} reports different checksum: #{e.expected}"
+          opoo "#{downloadable.download_type} reports different checksum: #{e.expected}"
           Homebrew.failed = true if downloadable.is_a?(Resource::Patch)
         end
       else
@@ -66,13 +60,13 @@ module Homebrew
               raise future.state.to_s
             end
 
-            message = "#{downloadable.download_type.capitalize} #{downloadable.name}"
+            message = "#{downloadable.download_type} #{downloadable.name}"
             $stdout.print "#{status} #{message}#{"\n" unless last}"
             $stdout.flush
 
             if future.rejected?
               if (e = future.reason).is_a?(ChecksumMismatchError)
-                opoo "#{downloadable.download_type.capitalize} reports different checksum: #{e.expected}"
+                opoo "#{downloadable.download_type} reports different checksum: #{e.expected}"
                 Homebrew.failed = true if downloadable.is_a?(Resource::Patch)
                 next 2
               else
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/resource.rb b/Library/Homebrew/resource.rb
index a774f659df..383a68e825 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/resource.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/resource.rb
@@ -235,6 +235,9 @@ class Resource
     @url&.specs || {}.freeze
   end
 
+  sig { override.returns(String) }
+  def download_type = "Resource"
+
   protected
 
   def stage_resource(prefix, debug_symbols: false, &block)
@@ -339,6 +342,9 @@ class Resource
       manifest_annotations["sh.brew.bottle.installed_size"]&.to_i
     end
 
+    sig { override.returns(String) }
+    def download_type = "Bottle Manifest"
+
     private
 
     def manifest_annotations
@@ -391,6 +397,9 @@ class Resource
 
       @directory = val
     end
+
+    sig { override.returns(String) }
+    def download_type = "Patch"
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/retryable_download.rb b/Library/Homebrew/retryable_download.rb
index 6f26ec192c..f28e614893 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/retryable_download.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/retryable_download.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 # typed: strict
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
+require "bottle"
+require "api/json_download"
+
 module Homebrew
   class RetryableDownload
     include Downloadable
@@ -14,13 +17,14 @@ module Homebrew
     sig { override.returns(T::Array[String]) }
     def mirrors = downloadable.mirrors
 
-    sig { params(downloadable: Downloadable, tries: Integer).void }
-    def initialize(downloadable, tries:)
+    sig { params(downloadable: Downloadable, tries: Integer, pour: T::Boolean).void }
+    def initialize(downloadable, tries:, pour: false)
       super()
 
       @downloadable = downloadable
       @try = T.let(0, Integer)
       @tries = tries
+      @pour = pour
     end
 
     sig { override.returns(String) }
@@ -65,7 +69,15 @@ module Homebrew
         puts "SHA256: #{download.sha256}"
       end
 
-      downloadable.verify_download_integrity(download) if verify_download_integrity
+      json_download = downloadable.is_a?(API::JSONDownload)
+      downloadable.verify_download_integrity(download) if verify_download_integrity && !json_download
+
+      if pour && downloadable.is_a?(Bottle)
+        UnpackStrategy.detect(download, prioritize_extension: true)
+                      .extract_nestedly(to: HOMEBREW_CELLAR)
+      elsif json_download
+        FileUtils.touch(download, mtime: Time.now)
+      end
 
       download
     rescue DownloadError, ChecksumMismatchError, Resource::BottleManifest::Error
@@ -89,15 +101,12 @@ module Homebrew
     sig { override.returns(String) }
     def download_name = downloadable.download_name
 
-    sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-    def bottle? = downloadable.is_a?(Bottle)
-
-    sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-    def api? = downloadable.is_a?(API::Download)
-
     private
 
     sig { returns(Downloadable) }
     attr_reader :downloadable
+
+    sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+    attr_reader :pour
   end
 end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/software_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/software_spec.rb
index a6172182cb..4d773d00f3 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/software_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/software_spec.rb
@@ -82,9 +82,7 @@ class SoftwareSpec
   end
 
   sig { override.returns(String) }
-  def download_type
-    "formula"
-  end
+  def download_type = "Formula"
 
   def owner=(owner)
     @name = owner.name
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/api/cask_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/api/cask_spec.rb
index 372027293f..e2717cdf18 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/api/cask_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/api/cask_spec.rb
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::API::Cask do
 
     before do
       allow(Homebrew::API).to receive(:fetch_json_api_file).and_return([[], true])
-      allow_any_instance_of(Homebrew::API::Download).to receive(:fetch)
-      allow_any_instance_of(Homebrew::API::Download).to receive(:symlink_location).and_return(
+      allow_any_instance_of(Homebrew::API::SourceDownload).to receive(:fetch)
+      allow_any_instance_of(Homebrew::API::SourceDownload).to receive(:symlink_location).and_return(
         TEST_FIXTURE_DIR/"cask/Casks/everything.rb",
       )
     end
 
     it "specifies the correct URL and sha256" do
-      expect(Homebrew::API::Download).to receive(:new).with(
+      expect(Homebrew::API::SourceDownload).to receive(:new).with(
         "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/homebrew-cask/abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12/Casks/everything.rb",
         Checksum.new("d8d0d6b2e5ff65388eccb82236fd3aa157b4a29bb043a1f72b97f0e9b70e8320"),
         any_args,