diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cask/artifact/abstract_uninstall.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cask/artifact/abstract_uninstall.rb
index 32bce9edad..2c8489828c 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cask/artifact/abstract_uninstall.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cask/artifact/abstract_uninstall.rb
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ module Cask
               +"/Library/LaunchAgents/#{service}.plist",
               +"/Library/LaunchDaemons/#{service}.plist",
             ]
-            paths.each { |elt| elt.prepend(ENV["HOME"]).freeze } unless with_sudo
+            paths.each { |elt| elt.prepend(Dir.home).freeze } unless with_sudo
             paths = paths.map { |elt| Pathname(elt) }.select(&:exist?)
             paths.each do |path|
               command.run!("/bin/rm", args: ["-f", "--", path], sudo: with_sudo)
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cask/artifact/relocated.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cask/artifact/relocated.rb
index 17f2eceff4..612a0c7420 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cask/artifact/relocated.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cask/artifact/relocated.rb
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ module Cask
       end
 
       def printable_target
-        target.to_s.sub(/^#{ENV['HOME']}(#{File::SEPARATOR}|$)/, "~/")
+        target.to_s.sub(/^#{Dir.home}(#{File::SEPARATOR}|$)/, "~/")
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cask/cask.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cask/cask.rb
index 85a59c0582..fd23cafada 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cask/cask.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cask/cask.rb
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ module Cask
 
     def to_h_string_gsubs(string)
       string.to_s
-            .gsub(ENV["HOME"], "$HOME")
+            .gsub(Dir.home, "$HOME")
             .gsub(HOMEBREW_PREFIX, "$(brew --prefix)")
     end
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cask/config.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cask/config.rb
index 9083ddbcd4..c99ac319da 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cask/config.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cask/config.rb
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ module Cask
           key = "language"
           value = T.cast(explicit.fetch(:languages, []), T::Array[String]).join(",")
         end
-        "#{key}: \"#{value.to_s.sub(/^#{ENV['HOME']}/, "~")}\""
+        "#{key}: \"#{value.to_s.sub(/^#{Dir.home}/, "~")}\""
       end.join(", ")
     end
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/diagnostic.rb b/Library/Homebrew/diagnostic.rb
index dedbc71e85..ef97876392 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/diagnostic.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/diagnostic.rb
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ module Homebrew
       end
 
       def user_tilde(path)
-        path.gsub(ENV["HOME"], "~")
+        path.gsub(Dir.home, "~")
       end
 
       sig { returns(String) }
@@ -766,7 +766,7 @@ module Homebrew
       end
 
       def check_for_pydistutils_cfg_in_home
-        return unless File.exist? "#{ENV["HOME"]}/.pydistutils.cfg"
+        return unless File.exist? "#{Dir.home}/.pydistutils.cfg"
 
         <<~EOS
           A '.pydistutils.cfg' file was found in $HOME, which may cause Python
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb b/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
index ee2cae9dd0..30872d1fd0 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
@@ -2433,7 +2433,7 @@ class Formula
       GOCACHE:       "#{HOMEBREW_CACHE}/go_cache",
       GOPATH:        "#{HOMEBREW_CACHE}/go_mod_cache",
       CARGO_HOME:    "#{HOMEBREW_CACHE}/cargo_cache",
-      CURL_HOME:     ENV["CURL_HOME"] || ENV["HOME"],
+      CURL_HOME:     ENV.fetch("CURL_HOME") { Dir.home },
     }
   end
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/formula_installer.rb b/Library/Homebrew/formula_installer.rb
index d2357b2fa5..ccaf1f23e8 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/formula_installer.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/formula_installer.rb
@@ -904,7 +904,7 @@ class FormulaInstaller
         sandbox = Sandbox.new
         formula.logs.mkpath
         sandbox.record_log(formula.logs/"build.sandbox.log")
-        sandbox.allow_write_path(ENV["HOME"]) if interactive?
+        sandbox.allow_write_path(Dir.home) if interactive?
         sandbox.allow_write_temp_and_cache
         sandbox.allow_write_log(formula)
         sandbox.allow_cvs
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-uninstall-script-user-relative.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-uninstall-script-user-relative.rb
index 1908663b4c..a1f97c3108 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-uninstall-script-user-relative.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-uninstall-script-user-relative.rb
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ cask "with-uninstall-script-user-relative" do
   app "MyFancyApp/MyFancyApp.app", target: "~/MyFancyApp.app"
 
   postflight do
-    File.write "#{ENV["HOME"]}/MyFancyApp.app/uninstall.sh", <<~SH
+    File.write "#{Dir.home}/MyFancyApp.app/uninstall.sh", <<~SH
       #!/bin/sh
-      /bin/rm -r "#{ENV["HOME"]}/MyFancyApp.app"
+      /bin/rm -r "#{Dir.home}/MyFancyApp.app"
     SH
   end
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/utils.rb b/Library/Homebrew/utils.rb
index eac31a7a5c..126a11544c 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/utils.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/utils.rb
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ module Kernel
       ENV["HOMEBREW_DEBUG_INSTALL"] = f.full_name
     end
 
-    if ENV["SHELL"].include?("zsh") && (home = ENV["HOME"])&.start_with?(HOMEBREW_TEMP.resolved_path.to_s)
+    if ENV["SHELL"].include?("zsh") && (home = Dir.home).start_with?(HOMEBREW_TEMP.resolved_path.to_s)
       FileUtils.mkdir_p home
       FileUtils.touch "#{home}/.zshrc"
     end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/utils/shell.rb b/Library/Homebrew/utils/shell.rb
index 5547e00b05..b6663255db 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/utils/shell.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/utils/shell.rb
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ module Utils
     def profile
       case preferred
       when :bash
-        bash_profile = "#{ENV["HOME"]}/.bash_profile"
+        bash_profile = "#{Dir.home}/.bash_profile"
         return bash_profile if File.exist? bash_profile
       when :zsh
         return "#{ENV["ZDOTDIR"]}/.zshrc" if ENV["ZDOTDIR"].present?