diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/resource_auditor.rb b/Library/Homebrew/resource_auditor.rb
index 69dbbba5dc..85fdb79d0f 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/resource_auditor.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/resource_auditor.rb
@@ -106,6 +106,17 @@ module Homebrew
       end
     end
 
+    def audit_resource_name_matches_pypi_package_name_in_url
+      return unless url.match?(%r{^https?://files\.pythonhosted\.org/packages/})
+      return if name == owner.name # Skip the top-level package name as we only care about `resource "foo"` blocks.
+
+      url =~ %r{/(?<package_name>[^/]+)-}
+      pypi_package_name = Regexp.last_match(:package_name).to_s.gsub(/[_.]/, "-")
+      return if name.casecmp(pypi_package_name).zero?
+
+      problem "resource name should be `#{pypi_package_name}` to match the PyPI package name"
+    end
+
     def audit_urls
       urls = [url] + mirrors
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/audit_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/audit_spec.rb
index 3e0156aa43..b5b3a93701 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/audit_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/audit_spec.rb
@@ -522,6 +522,27 @@ module Homebrew
       end
     end
 
+    describe "#audit_resource_name_matches_pypi_package_name_in_url" do
+      it "reports a problem if the resource name does not match the python package name" do
+        fa = formula_auditor "foo", <<~RUBY
+          class Foo < Formula
+            url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.tgz"
+            sha256 "abc123"
+            homepage "https://brew.sh"
+
+            resource "Something" do
+              url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/FooSomething-1.0.0.tar.gz"
+              sha256 "def456"
+            end
+          end
+        RUBY
+
+        fa.audit_specs
+        expect(fa.problems.first[:message])
+          .to match("resource name should be `FooSomething` to match the PyPI package name")
+      end
+    end
+
     describe "#check_service_command" do
       specify "Not installed" do
         fa = formula_auditor "foo", <<~RUBY