diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cask/utils.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cask/utils.rb
index f32f99b596..4f8f2afffa 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cask/utils.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cask/utils.rb
@@ -68,15 +68,19 @@ module Cask
       rescue
         # in case of permissions problems
         unless tried_permissions
+          print_stderr = Context.current.debug? || Context.current.verbose?
           # TODO: Better handling for the case where path is a symlink.
           #       The -h and -R flags cannot be combined, and behavior is
           #       dependent on whether the file argument has a trailing
           #       slash.  This should do the right thing, but is fragile.
           command.run("/usr/bin/chflags",
+                      print_stderr:,
                       args:         command_args + ["--", "000", path])
           command.run("/bin/chmod",
+                      print_stderr:,
                       args:         command_args + ["--", "u+rwx", path])
           command.run("/bin/chmod",
+                      print_stderr:,
                       args:         command_args + ["-N", path])
           tried_permissions = true
           retry # rmtree
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cleanup.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cleanup.rb
index 79a09809be..bb4301fb49 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cleanup.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cleanup.rb
@@ -140,6 +140,15 @@ module Homebrew
           rescue FormulaUnavailableError, TapFormulaAmbiguityError
             nil
           end
+
+          return false if formula.blank?
+
+          # We can't determine an installed rebuild and parsing manifest version cannot be reliably done.
+          return false unless formula.latest_version_installed?
+
+          return true if (bottle = formula.bottle).blank?
+
+          return version != GitHubPackages.version_rebuild(bottle.resource.version, bottle.rebuild)
         end
 
         return false if formula.blank?
@@ -151,7 +160,8 @@ module Homebrew
           return true unless patch_hashes&.include?(Checksum.new(version.to_s))
         elsif resource_name && (resource_version = formula.stable&.resources&.dig(resource_name)&.version)
           return true if resource_version != version
-        elsif (formula.latest_version_installed? && formula.version != version) || formula.version > version
+        elsif (formula.latest_version_installed? && formula.pkg_version.to_s != version) ||
+              formula.pkg_version.to_s > version
           return true
         end
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cli/named_args.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cli/named_args.rb
index f07b45d34e..da8118f2ce 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cli/named_args.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cli/named_args.rb
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ module Homebrew
           end
         end
 
-        Keg.sort(stable_kegs).first
+        stable_kegs.max_by(&:scheme_and_version)
       end
 
       def resolve_default_keg(name)
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cmd/info.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cmd/info.rb
index c39b0eecbc..ce094a5a31 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cmd/info.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cmd/info.rb
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ module Homebrew
         heads, versioned = kegs.partition { |k| k.version.head? }
         kegs = [
           *heads.sort_by { |k| -Tab.for_keg(k).time.to_i },
-          *Keg.sort(versioned),
+          *versioned.sort_by(&:scheme_and_version),
         ]
         if kegs.empty?
           puts "Not installed"
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cmd/upgrade.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cmd/upgrade.rb
index 1ce38eaba7..fdc4f1aa8d 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cmd/upgrade.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cmd/upgrade.rb
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ module Homebrew
       end
 
       not_outdated.each do |f|
-        latest_keg = Keg.sort(f.installed_kegs).first
+        latest_keg = f.installed_kegs.max_by(&:scheme_and_version)
         if latest_keg.nil?
           ofail "#{f.full_specified_name} not installed"
         else
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bump-formula-pr.rb b/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bump-formula-pr.rb
index fdbaf0bd4e..5e4b0f007c 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bump-formula-pr.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bump-formula-pr.rb
@@ -474,7 +474,10 @@ module Homebrew
 
       def check_throttle(formula, new_version)
         throttled_rate = formula.livecheck.throttle
-        throttled_rate ||= formula.tap.audit_exceptions.dig(:throttled_formulae, formula.name)
+        throttled_rate ||= if (rate = formula.tap.audit_exceptions.dig(:throttled_formulae, formula.name))
+          odeprecated "throttled_formulae.json", "Livecheck#throttle"
+          rate
+        end
         return if throttled_rate.blank?
 
         formula_suffix = Version.new(new_version).patch.to_i
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/livecheck.rb b/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/livecheck.rb
index 6cad963d55..4868097656 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/livecheck.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/livecheck.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ module Homebrew
         switch "--cask", "--casks",
                description: "Only check casks."
         switch "--extract-plist",
-               description: "Include casks using the ExtractPlist livecheck strategy."
+               description: "Enable checking multiple casks with ExtractPlist strategy."
 
         conflicts "--debug", "--json"
         conflicts "--tap=", "--eval-all", "--installed"
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb b/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
index f8ca1a185d..b8bbcabd11 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
@@ -1508,7 +1508,7 @@ class Formula
         []
       else
         all_kegs += old_installed_formulae.flat_map(&:installed_kegs)
-        Keg.sort(all_kegs)
+        all_kegs.sort_by(&:scheme_and_version)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -2268,7 +2268,7 @@ class Formula
 
     hsh.merge!(dependencies_hash)
 
-    hsh["installed"] = Keg.sort(installed_kegs).map do |keg|
+    hsh["installed"] = installed_kegs.sort_by(&:scheme_and_version).map do |keg|
       tab = Tab.for_keg keg
       {
         "version"                 => keg.version.to_s,
@@ -2841,7 +2841,7 @@ class Formula
       eligible_kegs = if head? && (head_prefix = latest_head_prefix)
         head, stable = installed_kegs.partition { |k| k.version.head? }
         # Remove newest head and stable kegs
-        head - [Keg.new(head_prefix)] + Keg.sort(stable).drop(1)
+        head - [Keg.new(head_prefix)] + stable.sort_by(&:scheme_and_version).slice(0...-1)
       else
         installed_kegs.select do |keg|
           tab = Tab.for_keg(keg)
@@ -3324,6 +3324,7 @@ class Formula
     end
 
     def go_resource(name, &block)
+      # odeprecated "Formula#go_resource", "Go modules"
       specs.each { |spec| spec.go_resource(name, &block) }
     end
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/formula_auditor.rb b/Library/Homebrew/formula_auditor.rb
index 42ae0d277b..7ac8a334a0 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/formula_auditor.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/formula_auditor.rb
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ require "deprecate_disable"
 require "formula_text_auditor"
 require "formula_versions"
 require "resource_auditor"
+require "utils/shared_audits"
 
 module Homebrew
   # Auditor for checking common violations in {Formula}e.
@@ -737,7 +738,7 @@ module Homebrew
       stable_url_minor_version = stable_url_version.minor.to_i
 
       formula_suffix = stable.version.patch.to_i
-      throttled_rate = formula.tap&.audit_exception(:throttled_formulae, formula.name)
+      throttled_rate = formula.livecheck.throttle
       if throttled_rate && formula_suffix.modulo(throttled_rate).nonzero?
         problem "should only be updated every #{throttled_rate} releases on multiples of #{throttled_rate}"
       end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/formula_pin.rb b/Library/Homebrew/formula_pin.rb
index c8f9e78c6d..829e63d702 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/formula_pin.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/formula_pin.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class FormulaPin
   end
 
   def pin
-    latest_keg = Keg.sort(@formula.installed_kegs).first
+    latest_keg = @formula.installed_kegs.max_by(&:scheme_and_version)
     return if latest_keg.nil?
 
     pin_at(latest_keg.version)
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/formulary.rb b/Library/Homebrew/formulary.rb
index bbf45e9463..b8777abd55 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/formulary.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/formulary.rb
@@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ module Formulary
     flags: T.unsafe(nil)
   )
     kegs = rack.directory? ? rack.subdirs.map { |d| Keg.new(d) } : []
-    keg = kegs.find(&:linked?) || kegs.find(&:optlinked?) || Keg.sort(kegs).first
+    keg = kegs.find(&:linked?) || kegs.find(&:optlinked?) || kegs.max_by(&:scheme_and_version)
 
     options = {
       alias_path:,
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/installed_dependents.rb b/Library/Homebrew/installed_dependents.rb
index cec9974dee..5771d74306 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/installed_dependents.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/installed_dependents.rb
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ module InstalledDependents
         f_kegs = kegs_by_source[[f.name, f.tap]]
         next unless f_kegs
 
-        Keg.sort(f_kegs).first
+        f_kegs.max_by(&:scheme_and_version)
       end
 
       next if required_kegs.empty?
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/keg.rb b/Library/Homebrew/keg.rb
index 41a7e2a6d9..b7f4381c01 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/keg.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/keg.rb
@@ -148,11 +148,6 @@ class Keg
     Formula.racks.flat_map(&:subdirs).map { |d| new(d) }
   end
 
-  sig { params(kegs: T::Array[Keg]).returns(T::Array[Keg]) }
-  def self.sort(kegs)
-    kegs.sort_by { |keg| [keg.version_scheme, keg.version] }.reverse!
-  end
-
   attr_reader :path, :name, :linked_keg_record, :opt_record
 
   protected :path
@@ -396,6 +391,12 @@ class Keg
     @version_scheme ||= tab.version_scheme
   end
 
+  # For ordering kegs by version with `.sort_by`, `.max_by`, etc.
+  # @see Formula.version_scheme
+  def scheme_and_version
+    [version_scheme, version]
+  end
+
   def to_formula
     Formulary.from_keg(self)
   end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/language/go.rb b/Library/Homebrew/language/go.rb
index 90bd711dd9..f66836ae53 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/language/go.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/language/go.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# typed: true
+# typed: strict
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require "resource"
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ module Language
     # building Go software.
     # The resource names should be the import name of the package,
     # e.g. `resource "github.com/foo/bar"`.
+    sig { params(resources: T::Array[Resource], target: T.any(String, Pathname)).void }
     def self.stage_deps(resources, target)
+      # odeprecated "Language::Go::stage_deps", "Go modules"
       if resources.empty?
         if Homebrew::EnvConfig.developer?
           odie "Tried to stage empty Language::Go resources array"
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/language/node.rb b/Library/Homebrew/language/node.rb
index 86b458221d..8c4df5a233 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/language/node.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/language/node.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# typed: true
+# typed: strict
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Language
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ module Language
       "cache=#{HOMEBREW_CACHE}/npm_cache"
     end
 
+    sig { returns(String) }
     def self.pack_for_installation
       # Homebrew assumes the buildpath/testpath will always be disposable
       # and from npm 5.0.0 the logic changed so that when a directory is
@@ -36,11 +37,12 @@ module Language
       output.lines.last.chomp
     end
 
+    sig { void }
     def self.setup_npm_environment
       # guard that this is only run once
       return if @env_set
 
-      @env_set = true
+      @env_set = T.let(true, T.nilable(T::Boolean))
       # explicitly use our npm and node-gyp executables instead of the user
       # managed ones in HOMEBREW_PREFIX/lib/node_modules which might be broken
       begin
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ module Language
       end
     end
 
+    sig { params(libexec: Pathname).returns(T::Array[String]) }
     def self.std_npm_install_args(libexec)
       setup_npm_environment
       # tell npm to not install .brew_home by adding it to the .npmignore file
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ module Language
       NODE_SHEBANG_REGEX = %r{^#! ?/usr/bin/(?:env )?node( |$)}
 
       # The length of the longest shebang matching `SHEBANG_REGEX`.
-      NODE_SHEBANG_MAX_LENGTH = "#! /usr/bin/env node ".length
+      NODE_SHEBANG_MAX_LENGTH = T.let("#! /usr/bin/env node ".length, Integer)
 
       # @private
       sig { params(node_path: T.any(String, Pathname)).returns(Utils::Shebang::RewriteInfo) }
@@ -107,8 +110,8 @@ module Language
         )
       end
 
-      sig { params(formula: T.untyped).returns(Utils::Shebang::RewriteInfo) }
-      def detected_node_shebang(formula = self)
+      sig { params(formula: Formula).returns(Utils::Shebang::RewriteInfo) }
+      def detected_node_shebang(formula = T.cast(self, Formula))
         node_deps = formula.deps.map(&:name).grep(/^node(@.+)?$/)
         raise ShebangDetectionError.new("Node", "formula does not depend on Node") if node_deps.empty?
         raise ShebangDetectionError.new("Node", "formula has multiple Node dependencies") if node_deps.length > 1
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/language/perl.rb b/Library/Homebrew/language/perl.rb
index a6998155a2..d3d3a5c601 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/language/perl.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/language/perl.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# typed: true
+# typed: strict
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Language
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ module Language
       PERL_SHEBANG_REGEX = %r{^#! ?/usr/bin/(?:env )?perl( |$)}
 
       # The length of the longest shebang matching `SHEBANG_REGEX`.
-      PERL_SHEBANG_MAX_LENGTH = "#! /usr/bin/env perl ".length
+      PERL_SHEBANG_MAX_LENGTH = T.let("#! /usr/bin/env perl ".length, Integer)
 
       # @private
       sig { params(perl_path: T.any(String, Pathname)).returns(Utils::Shebang::RewriteInfo) }
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ module Language
         )
       end
 
-      sig { params(formula: T.untyped).returns(Utils::Shebang::RewriteInfo) }
-      def detected_perl_shebang(formula = self)
+      sig { params(formula: Formula).returns(Utils::Shebang::RewriteInfo) }
+      def detected_perl_shebang(formula = T.cast(self, Formula))
         perl_deps = formula.declared_deps.select { |dep| dep.name == "perl" }
         raise ShebangDetectionError.new("Perl", "formula does not depend on Perl") if perl_deps.empty?
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/language/python.rb b/Library/Homebrew/language/python.rb
index e5705ef66a..a5393503f2 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/language/python.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/language/python.rb
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# typed: true
+# typed: strict
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Language
@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ module Language
       end
     end
 
+    sig {
+      params(
+        build: T.any(BuildOptions, Tab),
+        block: T.nilable(T.proc.params(python: String, version: T.nilable(Version)).void),
+      ).void
+    }
     def self.each_python(build, &block)
       original_pythonpath = ENV.fetch("PYTHONPATH", nil)
       pythons = { "python@3" => "python3",
@@ -48,6 +54,7 @@ module Language
       ENV["PYTHONPATH"] = original_pythonpath
     end
 
+    sig { params(python: T.any(String, Pathname)).returns(T::Boolean) }
     def self.reads_brewed_pth_files?(python)
       return false unless homebrew_site_packages(python).directory?
       return false unless homebrew_site_packages(python).writable?
@@ -61,10 +68,12 @@ module Language
       end
     end
 
+    sig { params(python: T.any(String, Pathname)).returns(Pathname) }
     def self.user_site_packages(python)
       Pathname.new(`#{python} -c "import site; print(site.getusersitepackages())"`.chomp)
     end
 
+    sig { params(python: T.any(String, Pathname), path: T.any(String, Pathname)).returns(T::Boolean) }
     def self.in_sys_path?(python, path)
       script = <<~PYTHON
         import os, sys
@@ -102,7 +111,7 @@ module Language
       PYTHON_SHEBANG_REGEX = %r{^#! ?/usr/bin/(?:env )?python(?:[23](?:\.\d{1,2})?)?( |$)}
 
       # The length of the longest shebang matching `SHEBANG_REGEX`.
-      PYTHON_SHEBANG_MAX_LENGTH = "#! /usr/bin/env pythonx.yyy ".length
+      PYTHON_SHEBANG_MAX_LENGTH = T.let("#! /usr/bin/env pythonx.yyy ".length, Integer)
 
       # @private
       sig { params(python_path: T.any(String, Pathname)).returns(Utils::Shebang::RewriteInfo) }
@@ -254,7 +263,7 @@ module Language
         sig { params(formula: Formula, venv_root: T.any(String, Pathname), python: T.any(String, Pathname)).void }
         def initialize(formula, venv_root, python)
           @formula = formula
-          @venv_root = Pathname.new(venv_root)
+          @venv_root = T.let(Pathname(venv_root), Pathname)
           @python = python
         end
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/livecheck/livecheck.rb b/Library/Homebrew/livecheck/livecheck.rb
index 965e9c3c8b..190c92e447 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/livecheck/livecheck.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/livecheck/livecheck.rb
@@ -202,7 +202,6 @@ module Homebrew
       has_a_newer_upstream_version = T.let(false, T::Boolean)
 
       formulae_and_casks_total = formulae_and_casks_to_check.count
-
       if json && !quiet && $stderr.tty?
         Tty.with($stderr) do |stderr|
           stderr.puts Formatter.headline("Running checks", color: :blue)
@@ -218,7 +217,7 @@ module Homebrew
         )
       end
 
-      # If only one formula/cask is being checked, we enable extract-plist
+      # Allow ExtractPlist strategy if only one formula/cask is being checked.
       extract_plist = true if formulae_and_casks_total == 1
 
       formulae_checked = formulae_and_casks_to_check.map.with_index do |formula_or_cask, i|
@@ -241,29 +240,23 @@ module Homebrew
           puts
         end
 
-        if cask && !extract_plist && formula_or_cask.livecheck.strategy == :extract_plist
-          skip_info = {
-            cask:     cask.token,
-            status:   "skipped",
-            messages: ["Livecheck skipped due to the ExtractPlist strategy"],
-            meta:     { livecheckable: true },
-          }
-
-          SkipConditions.print_skip_information(skip_info) if !newer_only && !quiet
-          next
-        end
-
         # Check skip conditions for a referenced formula/cask
         if referenced_formula_or_cask
           skip_info = SkipConditions.referenced_skip_information(
             referenced_formula_or_cask,
             name,
-            full_name: use_full_name,
+            full_name:     use_full_name,
             verbose:,
+            extract_plist:,
           )
         end
 
-        skip_info ||= SkipConditions.skip_information(formula_or_cask, full_name: use_full_name, verbose:)
+        skip_info ||= SkipConditions.skip_information(
+          formula_or_cask,
+          full_name:     use_full_name,
+          verbose:,
+          extract_plist:,
+        )
         if skip_info.present?
           next skip_info if json && !newer_only
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/livecheck/skip_conditions.rb b/Library/Homebrew/livecheck/skip_conditions.rb
index 2ee449ed88..dc19de5916 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/livecheck/skip_conditions.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/livecheck/skip_conditions.rb
@@ -151,6 +151,27 @@ module Homebrew
         Livecheck.status_hash(cask, "disabled", full_name:, verbose:)
       end
 
+      sig {
+        params(
+          cask:           Cask::Cask,
+          _livecheckable: T::Boolean,
+          full_name:      T::Boolean,
+          verbose:        T::Boolean,
+          extract_plist:  T::Boolean,
+        ).returns(Hash)
+      }
+      def cask_extract_plist(cask, _livecheckable, full_name: false, verbose: false, extract_plist: false)
+        return {} if extract_plist || cask.livecheck.strategy != :extract_plist
+
+        Livecheck.status_hash(
+          cask,
+          "skipped",
+          ["Use `--extract-plist` to enable checking multiple casks with ExtractPlist strategy"],
+          full_name:,
+          verbose:,
+        )
+      end
+
       sig {
         params(
           cask:          Cask::Cask,
@@ -194,6 +215,7 @@ module Homebrew
         :cask_discontinued,
         :cask_deprecated,
         :cask_disabled,
+        :cask_extract_plist,
         :cask_version_latest,
         :cask_url_unversioned,
       ].freeze
@@ -211,9 +233,10 @@ module Homebrew
           package_or_resource: T.any(Formula, Cask::Cask, Resource),
           full_name:           T::Boolean,
           verbose:             T::Boolean,
+          extract_plist:       T::Boolean,
         ).returns(Hash)
       }
-      def skip_information(package_or_resource, full_name: false, verbose: false)
+      def skip_information(package_or_resource, full_name: false, verbose: false, extract_plist: true)
         livecheckable = package_or_resource.livecheckable?
 
         checks = case package_or_resource
@@ -227,7 +250,12 @@ module Homebrew
         return {} unless checks
 
         checks.each do |method_name|
-          skip_hash = send(method_name, package_or_resource, livecheckable, full_name:, verbose:)
+          skip_hash = case method_name
+          when :cask_extract_plist
+            send(method_name, package_or_resource, livecheckable, full_name:, verbose:, extract_plist:)
+          else
+            send(method_name, package_or_resource, livecheckable, full_name:, verbose:)
+          end
           return skip_hash if skip_hash.present?
         end
 
@@ -244,18 +272,21 @@ module Homebrew
           original_package_or_resource_name: String,
           full_name:                         T::Boolean,
           verbose:                           T::Boolean,
+          extract_plist:                     T::Boolean,
         ).returns(T.nilable(Hash))
       }
       def referenced_skip_information(
         livecheck_package_or_resource,
         original_package_or_resource_name,
         full_name: false,
-        verbose: false
+        verbose: false,
+        extract_plist: true
       )
         skip_info = SkipConditions.skip_information(
           livecheck_package_or_resource,
           full_name:,
           verbose:,
+          extract_plist:,
         )
         return if skip_info.blank?
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/service.rb b/Library/Homebrew/service.rb
index 4e95df752f..1fb732076d 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/service.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/service.rb
@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@ module Homebrew
 
     sig {
       params(
-        command: T.nilable(T.any(T::Array[String], String, Pathname)),
-        macos:   T.nilable(T.any(T::Array[String], String, Pathname)),
-        linux:   T.nilable(T.any(T::Array[String], String, Pathname)),
-      ).returns(T.nilable(Array))
+        command: T.nilable(T.any(T::Array[T.any(String, Pathname)], String, Pathname)),
+        macos:   T.nilable(T.any(T::Array[T.any(String, Pathname)], String, Pathname)),
+        linux:   T.nilable(T.any(T::Array[T.any(String, Pathname)], String, Pathname)),
+      ).returns(T.nilable(T::Array[T.any(String, Pathname)]))
     }
     def run(command = nil, macos: nil, linux: nil)
       # Save parameters for serialization
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/shims/mac/super/m4 b/Library/Homebrew/shims/mac/super/m4
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..d68a7fccb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/shims/mac/super/m4
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# This shim is a workaround for the missing `m4` in Xcode CLT 15.3.
+# It can be removed after Apple provides a new CLT with a fix for FB13679972.
+# See https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/issues/165388
+
+# HOMEBREW_LIBRARY is set by bin/brew
+# HOMEBREW_DEVELOPER_DIR is set by extend/ENV/super.rb
+# shellcheck disable=SC2154
+source "${HOMEBREW_LIBRARY}/Homebrew/shims/utils.sh"
+
+try_exec_non_system "${SHIM_FILE}" "$@"
+
+if [[ -n "${HOMEBREW_DEVELOPER_DIR}" && ! -x "${HOMEBREW_DEVELOPER_DIR}/usr/bin/m4" ]]
+then
+  safe_exec "/usr/bin/gm4" "$@"
+fi
+
+exec "/usr/bin/m4" "$@"
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/software_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/software_spec.rb
index 96592eb4dc..42d2477bb4 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/software_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/software_spec.rb
@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ class SoftwareSpec
   end
 
   def go_resource(name, &block)
+    # odeprecated "SoftwareSpec#go_resource", "Go modules"
     resource name, Resource::Go, &block
   end
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cli/args.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cli/args.rbi
index 3a3890a258..70f80cea5c 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cli/args.rbi
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cli/args.rbi
@@ -5,9 +5,6 @@
 # Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::CLI::Args`.
 
 class Homebrew::CLI::Args
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def D?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def HEAD?; end
 
@@ -17,12 +14,6 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def aliases?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def analytics?; end
-
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def annotate?; end
-
   sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
   def appdir; end
 
@@ -35,24 +26,15 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
   def audio_unit_plugindir; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def audit_debug?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def auto_update?; end
 
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def binaries?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
-  def bottle_arch; end
-
   sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
   def bottle_tag; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def build_bottle?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def build_from_source?; end
 
@@ -62,12 +44,6 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def casks?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
-  def category; end
-
-  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
-  def cc; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def closed?; end
 
@@ -83,45 +59,24 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def custom_remote?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
-  def days; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def debian?; end
 
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def debug_symbols?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def declared?; end
-
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def deps?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def desc?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def description?; end
-
   sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
   def dictionarydir; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def direct?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def display_times?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def dot?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def dry_run?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
-  def env; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def eval_all?; end
 
@@ -140,9 +95,6 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
   def fontdir; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def for_each?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def force?; end
 
@@ -158,24 +110,12 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def formulae?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def full_name?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def g?; end
 
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def git?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def github?; end
-
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def github_packages_downloads?; end
-
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def graph?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def greedy?; end
 
@@ -197,18 +137,12 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def ignore_pinned?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def include_aliases?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def include_build?; end
 
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def include_optional?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def include_requirements?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def include_test?; end
 
@@ -218,12 +152,6 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def installed?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def installed_as_dependency?; end
-
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def installed_on_request?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def interactive?; end
 
@@ -242,9 +170,6 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T.nilable(T::Array[String])) }
   def language; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def list_checks?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def macports?; end
 
@@ -263,21 +188,12 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def n?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def name?; end
-
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def new_issue?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def no_simulate?; end
 
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def oneline?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def only_dependencies?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def open?; end
 
@@ -305,15 +221,6 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def preinstall?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def private?; end
-
-  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
-  def prune; end
-
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def prune_prefix?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def pull_request?; end
 
@@ -323,9 +230,6 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def quarantine?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def r?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def recursive?; end
 
@@ -338,18 +242,12 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def require_sha?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def retry?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def s?; end
 
   sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
   def screen_saverdir; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def search?; end
-
   sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
   def servicedir; end
 
@@ -359,9 +257,6 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def skip_cask_deps?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def skip_post_install?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def skip_recommended?; end
 
@@ -371,12 +266,6 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def syntax?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def topological?; end
-
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def tree?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def u?; end
 
@@ -386,21 +275,12 @@ class Homebrew::CLI::Args
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def unbrewed?; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def union?; end
-
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def variations?; end
-
   sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
   def vst3_plugindir; end
 
   sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
   def vst_plugindir; end
 
-  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def with_hostname?; end
-
   sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
   def zap?; end
 end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/analytics.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/analytics.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d496f91c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/analytics.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::Analytics`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::Analytics`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args; end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/autoremove.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/autoremove.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8a7b4aad80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/autoremove.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::Autoremove`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::Autoremove`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def dry_run?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def n?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/cleanup_cmd.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/cleanup_cmd.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..79e3eb89c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/cleanup_cmd.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::CleanupCmd`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::CleanupCmd`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def dry_run?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def n?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def prune; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def prune_prefix?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def s?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/commands_cmd.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/commands_cmd.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0fd4c2534f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/commands_cmd.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::CommandsCmd`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::CommandsCmd`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def include_aliases?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/completions_cmd.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/completions_cmd.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..af913b7484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/completions_cmd.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::CompletionsCmd`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::CompletionsCmd`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args; end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/config.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/config.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..526c2d2e1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/config.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::Config`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::Config`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args; end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/deps.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/deps.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e817bdcc1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/deps.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::Deps`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::Deps`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def HEAD?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def annotate?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def cask?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def casks?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def declared?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def direct?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def dot?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def eval_all?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def for_each?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def formula?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def formulae?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def full_name?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def graph?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def include_build?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def include_optional?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def include_requirements?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def include_test?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def installed?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def missing?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def n?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def skip_recommended?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def topological?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def tree?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def union?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/desc.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/desc.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c23eb9b34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/desc.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::Desc`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::Desc`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def cask?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def casks?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def description?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def eval_all?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def formula?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def formulae?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def n?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def name?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def s?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def search?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/developer.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/developer.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..168eb49c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/developer.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::Developer`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::Developer`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args; end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/docs.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/docs.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..539fd98a12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/docs.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::Docs`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::Docs`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args; end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/doctor.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/doctor.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc52a9410f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/doctor.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::Doctor`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::Doctor`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def D?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def audit_debug?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def list_checks?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/fetch_cmd.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/fetch_cmd.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..47654e9dcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/fetch_cmd.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::FetchCmd`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::FetchCmd`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def HEAD?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def arch; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def bottle_tag; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def build_bottle?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def build_from_source?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def cask?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def casks?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def deps?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def f?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def force?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def force_bottle?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def formula?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def formulae?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def os; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def quarantine?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def retry?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def s?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/gist_logs.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/gist_logs.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1602780734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/gist_logs.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::GistLogs`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::GistLogs`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def n?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def new_issue?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def p?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def private?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def with_hostname?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/help_cmd.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/help_cmd.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bba165056a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/help_cmd.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::HelpCmd`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::HelpCmd`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args; end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/home.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/home.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..641e31c0ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/home.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::Home`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::Home`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def cask?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def casks?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def formula?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def formulae?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/info.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/info.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40249a580b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/info.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::Info`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::Info`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def analytics?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def cask?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def casks?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def category; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def days; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def eval_all?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def formula?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def formulae?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def github?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def github_packages_downloads?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def installed?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def json; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def variations?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/install_cmd.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/install_cmd.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd1743330d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/install_cmd.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::InstallCmd`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::InstallCmd`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def HEAD?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def adopt?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def appdir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def audio_unit_plugindir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def binaries?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def bottle_arch; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def build_bottle?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def build_from_source?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def cask?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def casks?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def cc; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def colorpickerdir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def debug_symbols?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def dictionarydir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def display_times?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def dry_run?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def env; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def f?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def fetch_HEAD?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def fontdir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def force?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def force_bottle?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def formula?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def formulae?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def g?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def git?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def i?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def ignore_dependencies?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def include_test?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def input_methoddir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def interactive?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def internet_plugindir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def keep_tmp?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def keyboard_layoutdir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(T::Array[String])) }
+  def language; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def mdimporterdir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def n?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def only_dependencies?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def overwrite?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def prefpanedir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def qlplugindir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def quarantine?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def require_sha?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def s?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def screen_saverdir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def servicedir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def skip_cask_deps?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def skip_post_install?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def vst3_plugindir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T.nilable(String)) }
+  def vst_plugindir; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def zap?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/leaves.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/leaves.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1fa72d70fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/leaves.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::Leaves`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::Leaves`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def installed_as_dependency?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def installed_on_request?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def p?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def r?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/link.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/link.rbi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40d33751fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/homebrew/cmd/link.rbi
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# typed: true
+
+# DO NOT EDIT MANUALLY
+# This is an autogenerated file for dynamic methods in `Homebrew::Cmd::Link`.
+# Please instead update this file by running `bin/tapioca dsl Homebrew::Cmd::Link`.
+
+class Homebrew::CLI::Args
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def HEAD?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def dry_run?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def f?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def force?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def n?; end
+
+  sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+  def overwrite?; end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/api/cask_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/api/cask_spec.rb
index a3d787993c..932897dbe8 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/api/cask_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/api/cask_spec.rb
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::API::Cask do
 
   before do
     stub_const("Homebrew::API::HOMEBREW_CACHE_API", cache_dir)
-    Homebrew::API.clear_cache
-    described_class.clear_cache
   end
 
   def mock_curl_download(stdout:)
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/api/formula_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/api/formula_spec.rb
index 49a3101064..8b89d1916b 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/api/formula_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/api/formula_spec.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::API::Formula do
 
   before do
     stub_const("Homebrew::API::HOMEBREW_CACHE_API", cache_dir)
-    described_class.clear_cache
   end
 
   def mock_curl_download(stdout:)
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/api/internal_tap_json/formula_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/api/internal_tap_json/formula_spec.rb
index 1426677483..a6347e1806 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/api/internal_tap_json/formula_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/api/internal_tap_json/formula_spec.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 RSpec.describe "Internal Tap JSON -- Formula" do
+  include FileUtils
+
   let(:internal_tap_json) { File.read(TEST_FIXTURE_DIR/"internal_tap_json/homebrew-core.json").chomp }
   let(:tap_git_head) { "9977471165641744a829d3e494fa563407503297" }
 
@@ -42,12 +44,6 @@ RSpec.describe "Internal Tap JSON -- Formula" do
 
       # To allow `formula_names.txt` to be written to the cache.
       (HOMEBREW_CACHE/"api").mkdir
-
-      Homebrew::API::Formula.clear_cache
-    end
-
-    after do
-      Homebrew::API::Formula.clear_cache
     end
 
     it "loads tap aliases" do
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/api_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/api_spec.rb
index 585c91f0ee..9186fc625c 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/api_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/api_spec.rb
@@ -8,10 +8,6 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::API do
   let(:json_hash) { JSON.parse(json) }
   let(:json_invalid) { '{"foo":"bar"' }
 
-  before do
-    described_class.clear_cache
-  end
-
   def mock_curl_output(stdout: "", success: true)
     curl_output = instance_double(SystemCommand::Result, stdout:, success?: success)
     allow(Utils::Curl).to receive(:curl_output).and_return curl_output
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/artifact/app_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/artifact/app_spec.rb
index 667cbbc8c7..95cc8d9a8b 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/artifact/app_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/artifact/app_spec.rb
@@ -171,12 +171,7 @@ RSpec.describe Cask::Artifact::App, :cask do
           end
 
           it "overwrites the existing app" do
-            expect(command).to receive(:run).with("/usr/bin/chflags",
-                                                  args: ["-R", "--", "000", target_path]).and_call_original
-            expect(command).to receive(:run).with("/bin/chmod",
-                                                  args: ["-R", "--", "u+rwx", target_path]).and_call_original
-            expect(command).to receive(:run).with("/bin/chmod",
-                                                  args: ["-R", "-N", target_path]).and_call_original
+            expect(command).to receive(:run).and_call_original.at_least(:once)
 
             stdout = <<~EOS
               ==> Removing App '#{target_path}'
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/cmd/deps_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/cmd/deps_spec.rb
index 7171ba0303..a4ccf274de 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/cmd/deps_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/cmd/deps_spec.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ require "cmd/deps"
 require "cmd/shared_examples/args_parse"
 
 RSpec.describe Homebrew::Cmd::Deps do
+  include FileUtils
+
   it_behaves_like "parseable arguments"
 
   it "outputs all of a Formula's dependencies and their dependencies on separate lines", :integration_test do
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/cmd/info_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/cmd/info_spec.rb
index 84adab7e9f..3ea10c010b 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/cmd/info_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/cmd/info_spec.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,15 @@ require "cmd/info"
 require "cmd/shared_examples/args_parse"
 
 RSpec.describe Homebrew::Cmd::Info do
+  RSpec::Matchers.define :a_json_string do
+    match do |actual|
+      JSON.parse(actual)
+      true
+    rescue JSON::ParserError
+      false
+    end
+  end
+
   it_behaves_like "parseable arguments"
 
   it "prints as json with the --json=v1 flag", :integration_test do
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/cmd/uses_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/cmd/uses_spec.rb
index 3495adca0a..6c1b864235 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/cmd/uses_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/cmd/uses_spec.rb
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 require "cmd/shared_examples/args_parse"
 
 RSpec.describe "brew uses" do
+  include FileUtils
+
   it_behaves_like "parseable arguments"
 
   it "prints the Formulae a given Formula is used by", :integration_test do
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/pr-pull_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/pr-pull_spec.rb
index 422c9ea485..8850c1cb98 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/pr-pull_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/pr-pull_spec.rb
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ require "tap"
 require "cmd/shared_examples/args_parse"
 
 RSpec.describe Homebrew::DevCmd::PrPull do
+  include FileUtils
+
   let(:pr_pull) { described_class.new(["foo"]) }
   let(:formula_rebuild) do
     <<~EOS
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/formula_auditor_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/formula_auditor_spec.rb
index 1270a266c2..930f8bb794 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/formula_auditor_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/formula_auditor_spec.rb
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 require "formula_auditor"
 
 RSpec.describe Homebrew::FormulaAuditor do
+  include FileUtils
+
   let(:dir) { mktmpdir }
   let(:foo_version) do
     @count ||= 0
@@ -655,7 +657,7 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::FormulaAuditor do
   end
 
   describe "#audit_specs" do
-    let(:throttle_list) { { throttled_formulae: { "foo" => 10 } } }
+    let(:livecheck_throttle) { "livecheck do\n    throttle 10\n  end" }
     let(:versioned_head_spec_list) { { versioned_head_spec_allowlist: ["foo"] } }
 
     it "doesn't allow to miss a checksum" do
@@ -694,7 +696,7 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::FormulaAuditor do
     end
 
     it "allows versions with no throttle rate" do
-      fa = formula_auditor "bar", <<~RUBY, core_tap: true, tap_audit_exceptions: throttle_list
+      fa = formula_auditor "bar", <<~RUBY, core_tap: true
         class Bar < Formula
           url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.1.tgz"
           sha256 "31cccfc6630528db1c8e3a06f6decf2a370060b982841cfab2b8677400a5092e"
@@ -706,10 +708,11 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::FormulaAuditor do
     end
 
     it "allows major/minor versions with throttle rate" do
-      fa = formula_auditor "foo", <<~RUBY, core_tap: true, tap_audit_exceptions: throttle_list
+      fa = formula_auditor "foo", <<~RUBY, core_tap: true
         class Foo < Formula
           url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.0.tgz"
           sha256 "31cccfc6630528db1c8e3a06f6decf2a370060b982841cfab2b8677400a5092e"
+          #{livecheck_throttle}
         end
       RUBY
 
@@ -718,10 +721,11 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::FormulaAuditor do
     end
 
     it "allows patch versions to be multiples of the throttle rate" do
-      fa = formula_auditor "foo", <<~RUBY, core_tap: true, tap_audit_exceptions: throttle_list
+      fa = formula_auditor "foo", <<~RUBY, core_tap: true
         class Foo < Formula
           url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.10.tgz"
           sha256 "31cccfc6630528db1c8e3a06f6decf2a370060b982841cfab2b8677400a5092e"
+          #{livecheck_throttle}
         end
       RUBY
 
@@ -730,10 +734,11 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::FormulaAuditor do
     end
 
     it "doesn't allow patch versions that aren't multiples of the throttle rate" do
-      fa = formula_auditor "foo", <<~RUBY, core_tap: true, tap_audit_exceptions: throttle_list
+      fa = formula_auditor "foo", <<~RUBY, core_tap: true
         class Foo < Formula
           url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.1.tgz"
           sha256 "31cccfc6630528db1c8e3a06f6decf2a370060b982841cfab2b8677400a5092e"
+          #{livecheck_throttle}
         end
       RUBY
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/formulary_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/formulary_spec.rb
index 3bb7491bdf..6b53acf40c 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/formulary_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/formulary_spec.rb
@@ -81,8 +81,6 @@ RSpec.describe Formulary do
     end
 
     context "with sharded Formula directory" do
-      before { CoreTap.instance.clear_cache }
-
       let(:formula_name) { "testball_sharded" }
       let(:formula_path) do
         core_tap = CoreTap.instance
@@ -236,7 +234,6 @@ RSpec.describe Formulary do
       before do
         alias_dir.mkpath
         FileUtils.ln_s formula_path, alias_path
-        tap.clear_cache
       end
 
       it "returns a Formula when given a name" do
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/keg_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/keg_spec.rb
index 5231fe619f..d7f6d804b6 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/keg_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/keg_spec.rb
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ require "keg"
 require "stringio"
 
 RSpec.describe Keg do
+  include FileUtils
+
   def setup_test_keg(name, version)
     path = HOMEBREW_CELLAR/name/version
     (path/"bin").mkpath
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/language/node_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/language/node_spec.rb
index 0d02b8062b..4a94660a1d 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/language/node_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/language/node_spec.rb
@@ -15,17 +15,20 @@ RSpec.describe Language::Node do
         expect(ENV).to receive(:prepend_path)
       end
       described_class.instance_variable_set(:@env_set, false)
-      expect(described_class.setup_npm_environment).to be_nil
+      described_class.setup_npm_environment
 
       expect(described_class.instance_variable_get(:@env_set)).to be(true)
       without_partial_double_verification do
         expect(ENV).not_to receive(:prepend_path)
       end
-      expect(described_class.setup_npm_environment).to be_nil
+      described_class.setup_npm_environment
     end
 
     it "does not call prepend_path when node formula does not exist" do
-      expect(described_class.setup_npm_environment).to be_nil
+      without_partial_double_verification do
+        expect(ENV).not_to receive(:prepend_path)
+      end
+      described_class.setup_npm_environment
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/livecheck/skip_conditions_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/livecheck/skip_conditions_spec.rb
index e174fbe3e7..33e40cf543 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/livecheck/skip_conditions_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/livecheck/skip_conditions_spec.rb
@@ -31,11 +31,6 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::Livecheck::SkipConditions do
         url "https://brew.sh/test-0.0.1.tgz"
         disable! date: "2020-06-25", because: :unmaintained
       end,
-      versioned:           formula("test@0.0.1") do
-        desc "Versioned test formula"
-        homepage "https://brew.sh"
-        url "https://brew.sh/test-0.0.1.tgz"
-      end,
       head_only:           formula("test_head_only") do
         desc "HEAD-only test formula"
         homepage "https://brew.sh"
@@ -74,6 +69,11 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::Livecheck::SkipConditions do
           skip "Not maintained"
         end
       end,
+      versioned:           formula("test@0.0.1") do
+        desc "Versioned test formula"
+        homepage "https://brew.sh"
+        url "https://brew.sh/test-0.0.1.tgz"
+      end,
     }
   end
 
@@ -127,6 +127,18 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::Livecheck::SkipConditions do
 
         disable! date: "2020-06-25", because: :discontinued
       end,
+      extract_plist:     Cask::Cask.new("test_extract_plist_skip") do
+        version "0.0.1"
+
+        url "https://brew.sh/test-0.0.1.tgz"
+        name "Test ExtractPlist Skip"
+        desc "Skipped test cask"
+        homepage "https://brew.sh"
+
+        livecheck do
+          strategy :extract_plist
+        end
+      end,
       latest:            Cask::Cask.new("test_latest") do
         version :latest
         sha256 :no_check
@@ -267,6 +279,14 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::Livecheck::SkipConditions do
             livecheckable: false,
           },
         },
+        extract_plist:     {
+          cask:     "test_extract_plist_skip",
+          status:   "skipped",
+          messages: ["Use `--extract-plist` to enable checking multiple casks with ExtractPlist strategy"],
+          meta:     {
+            livecheckable: true,
+          },
+        },
         latest:            {
           cask:   "test_latest",
           status: "latest",
@@ -381,6 +401,13 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::Livecheck::SkipConditions do
       end
     end
 
+    context "when a cask has a `livecheck` block using `ExtractPlist` and `--extract-plist` is not used" do
+      it "skips" do
+        expect(skip_conditions.skip_information(casks[:extract_plist], extract_plist: false))
+          .to eq(status_hashes[:cask][:extract_plist])
+      end
+    end
+
     context "when a cask without a livecheckable has `version :latest`" do
       it "skips" do
         expect(skip_conditions.skip_information(casks[:latest]))
@@ -497,6 +524,15 @@ RSpec.describe Homebrew::Livecheck::SkipConditions do
       end
     end
 
+    context "when a cask has a `livecheck` block using `ExtractPlist` and `--extract-plist` is not used" do
+      it "skips" do
+        expect do
+          skip_conditions.referenced_skip_information(casks[:extract_plist], original_name, extract_plist: false)
+        end
+          .to raise_error(RuntimeError, "Referenced cask (test_extract_plist_skip) is automatically skipped")
+      end
+    end
+
     context "when a cask without a livecheckable has `version :latest`" do
       it "errors" do
         expect { skip_conditions.referenced_skip_information(casks[:latest], original_name) }
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/spec_helper.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/spec_helper.rb
index 70fa46df38..1cf4a428ea 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/spec_helper.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/spec_helper.rb
@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ require "test/support/helper/files"
 require "test/support/helper/fixtures"
 require "test/support/helper/formula"
 require "test/support/helper/mktmpdir"
-require "test/support/helper/output_as_tty"
 
 require "test/support/helper/spec/shared_context/homebrew_cask" if OS.mac?
 require "test/support/helper/spec/shared_context/integration_test"
@@ -129,17 +128,12 @@ RSpec.configure do |config|
   # Never truncate output objects.
   RSpec::Support::ObjectFormatter.default_instance.max_formatted_output_length = nil
 
-  config.include(FileUtils)
-
-  config.include(Context)
-
   config.include(RuboCop::RSpec::ExpectOffense)
 
   config.include(Test::Helper::Cask)
   config.include(Test::Helper::Fixtures)
   config.include(Test::Helper::Formula)
   config.include(Test::Helper::MkTmpDir)
-  config.include(Test::Helper::OutputAsTTY)
 
   config.before(:each, :needs_linux) do
     skip "Not running on Linux." unless OS.linux?
@@ -310,16 +304,6 @@ end
 
 RSpec::Matchers.define_negated_matcher :not_to_output, :output
 RSpec::Matchers.alias_matcher :have_failed, :be_failed
-RSpec::Matchers.alias_matcher :a_string_containing, :include
-
-RSpec::Matchers.define :a_json_string do
-  match do |actual|
-    JSON.parse(actual)
-    true
-  rescue JSON::ParserError
-    false
-  end
-end
 
 # Match consecutive elements in an array.
 RSpec::Matchers.define :array_including_cons do |*cons|
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/helper/output_as_tty.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/helper/output_as_tty.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 7fd4b97c7a..0000000000
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/helper/output_as_tty.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require "delegate"
-
-module Test
-  module Helper
-    module OutputAsTTY
-      # This is a custom wrapper for the `output` matcher,
-      # used for testing output to a TTY:
-      #
-      #   expect {
-      #     print "test" if $stdout.tty?
-      #   }.to output("test").to_stdout.as_tty
-      #
-      #   expect {
-      #     # command
-      #   }.to output(...).to_stderr.as_tty.with_color
-      #
-      class Output < SimpleDelegator
-        def matches?(block)
-          return super(block) unless @tty
-
-          colored_tty_block = lambda do
-            instance_eval("$#{@output}  # $stdout", __FILE__, __LINE__).extend(Module.new do
-              def tty?
-                true
-              end
-
-              alias_method :isatty, :tty?
-            end)
-            block.call
-          end
-
-          return super(colored_tty_block) if @colors
-
-          uncolored_tty_block = lambda do
-            instance_eval <<-EOS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
-              begin                                                       # begin
-                captured_stream = StringIO.new                            #   captured_stream = StringIO.new
-
-                original_stream = $#{@output}                             #   original_stream = $stdout
-                $#{@output} = captured_stream                             #   $stdout = captured_stream
-
-                colored_tty_block.call                                    #   colored_tty_block.call
-              ensure                                                      # ensure
-                $#{@output} = original_stream                             #   $stdout = original_stream
-                $#{@output}.print Tty.strip_ansi(captured_stream.string)  #   $stdout.print Tty.strip_ansi(captured_stream.string)
-              end                                                         # end
-            EOS
-          end
-
-          super(uncolored_tty_block)
-        end
-
-        def to_stdout
-          @output = :stdout
-          super
-          self
-        end
-
-        def to_stderr
-          @output = :stderr
-          super
-          self
-        end
-
-        def as_tty
-          @tty = true
-          return self if [:stdout, :stderr].include?(@output)
-
-          raise "`as_tty` can only be chained to `stdout` or `stderr`."
-        end
-
-        def with_color
-          @colors = true
-          return self if @tty
-
-          raise "`with_color` can only be chained to `as_tty`."
-        end
-      end
-
-      def output(*args)
-        core_matcher = super(*args)
-        Output.new(core_matcher)
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/system_command_result_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/system_command_result_spec.rb
index a985fc9010..d06df27fd8 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/system_command_result_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/system_command_result_spec.rb
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 require "system_command"
 
 RSpec.describe SystemCommand::Result do
+  RSpec::Matchers.alias_matcher :a_string_containing, :include
+
   subject(:result) do
     described_class.new([], output_array, instance_double(Process::Status, exitstatus: 0, success?: true),
                         secrets: [])
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/system_command_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/system_command_spec.rb
index 679851a930..d09612a1fb 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/system_command_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/system_command_spec.rb
@@ -194,6 +194,8 @@ RSpec.describe SystemCommand do
       end
 
       context "when `debug?` is true" do
+        include Context
+
         let(:options) do
           { args: [
             "-c",
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/tap_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/tap_spec.rb
index ecfa2b8996..2a87f189df 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/tap_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/tap_spec.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 RSpec.describe Tap do
+  include FileUtils
+
   alias_matcher :have_formula_file, :be_formula_file
   alias_matcher :have_custom_remote, :be_custom_remote
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/analytics_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/analytics_spec.rb
index baaebc895b..5caaf2fa70 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/analytics_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/analytics_spec.rb
@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@ require "utils/analytics"
 require "formula_installer"
 
 RSpec.describe Utils::Analytics do
-  before do
-    described_class.clear_cache
-  end
-
   describe "::default_package_tags" do
     let(:ci) { ", CI" if ENV["CI"] }
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/gzip_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/gzip_spec.rb
index 59540a1675..4679a15e1e 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/gzip_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/gzip_spec.rb
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 require "utils/gzip"
 
 RSpec.describe Utils::Gzip do
+  include FileUtils
+
   describe "compress_with_options" do
     it "uses the explicitly specified mtime, orig_name, and output path when passed" do
       mktmpdir do |path|
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/unpack_strategy/dmg.rb b/Library/Homebrew/unpack_strategy/dmg.rb
index c207e58edd..92c7f8ca49 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/unpack_strategy/dmg.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/unpack_strategy/dmg.rb
@@ -147,8 +147,16 @@ module UnpackStrategy
                             verbose:
           end
 
+          bomfile_path = T.must(bomfile.path)
+
+          # Ditto will try to write as the UID, not the EUID and the Tempfile has 0700 permissions.
+          if Process.euid != Process.uid
+            FileUtils.chown(nil, Process.gid, bomfile_path)
+            FileUtils.chmod "g+rw", bomfile_path
+          end
+
           system_command!("ditto",
-                          args:    ["--bom", bomfile.path, "--", path, unpack_dir],
+                          args:    ["--bom", bomfile_path, "--", path, unpack_dir],
                           verbose:)
 
           FileUtils.chmod "u+w", Pathname.glob(unpack_dir/"**/*", File::FNM_DOTMATCH).reject(&:symlink?)
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/utils/analytics.rb b/Library/Homebrew/utils/analytics.rb
index c09fd7f2fe..51bdebaa45 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/utils/analytics.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/utils/analytics.rb
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ module Utils
     INFLUX_HOST = "https://eu-central-1-1.aws.cloud2.influxdata.com"
     INFLUX_ORG = "d81a3e6d582d485f"
 
+    extend Cachable
+
     class << self
       include Context
 
@@ -277,14 +279,9 @@ module Utils
         nil
       end
 
-      def clear_cache
-        remove_instance_variable(:@default_package_tags) if instance_variable_defined?(:@default_package_tags)
-        remove_instance_variable(:@default_package_fields) if instance_variable_defined?(:@default_package_fields)
-      end
-
       sig { returns(T::Hash[Symbol, String]) }
       def default_package_tags
-        @default_package_tags ||= begin
+        cache[:default_package_tags] ||= begin
           # Only display default prefixes to reduce cardinality and improve privacy
           prefix = Homebrew.default_prefix? ? HOMEBREW_PREFIX.to_s : "custom-prefix"
 
@@ -305,7 +302,7 @@ module Utils
       # remove macOS patch release
       sig { returns(T::Hash[Symbol, String]) }
       def default_package_fields
-        @default_package_fields ||= begin
+        cache[:default_package_fields] ||= begin
           version = if (match_data = HOMEBREW_VERSION.match(/^[\d.]+/))
             suffix = "-dev" if HOMEBREW_VERSION.include?("-")
             match_data[0] + suffix.to_s