diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/rubocops/lines.rb b/Library/Homebrew/rubocops/lines.rb
index fbb5c82081..f1bf210b41 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/rubocops/lines.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/rubocops/lines.rb
@@ -375,9 +375,17 @@ module RuboCop
             string_content(parameters(dep).first).start_with? "python@"
           end
 
-          return if python_formula_node.blank?
+          python_version = if python_formula_node.blank?
+            other_python_nodes = find_every_method_call_by_name(body_node, :depends_on).select do |dep|
+              parameters(dep).first.instance_of?(RuboCop::AST::HashNode) &&
+                string_content(parameters(dep).first.keys.first).start_with?("python@")
+            end
+            return if other_python_nodes.size != 1
 
-          python_version = string_content(parameters(python_formula_node).first).split("@").last
+            string_content(parameters(other_python_nodes.first).first.keys.first).split("@").last
+          else
+            string_content(parameters(python_formula_node).first).split("@").last
+          end
 
           find_strings(body_node).each do |str|
             content = string_content(str)
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/rubocops/text/python_versions_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/rubocops/text/python_versions_spec.rb
index cdcdf1bdcd..f1a3fd8943 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/rubocops/text/python_versions_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/rubocops/text/python_versions_spec.rb
@@ -179,5 +179,45 @@ describe RuboCop::Cop::FormulaAudit::PythonVersions do
         end
       RUBY
     end
+
+    it "reports no offenses for multiple non-runtime Python dependencies" do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+        class Foo < Formula
+          depends_on "python@3.9" => :build
+          depends_on "python@3.10" => :test
+
+          def install
+            puts "python3.9"
+          end
+
+          test do
+            puts "python3.10"
+          end
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it "reports and corrects Python references that mismatch single non-runtime Python dependency" do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+        class Foo < Formula
+          depends_on "python@3.9" => :build
+
+          def install
+            puts "python@3.8"
+                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^ FormulaAudit/PythonVersions: References to `python@3.8` should match the specified python dependency (`python@3.9`)
+          end
+        end
+      RUBY
+
+      expect_correction(<<~RUBY)
+        class Foo < Formula
+          depends_on "python@3.9" => :build
+
+          def install
+            puts "python@3.9"
+          end
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
   end
 end