diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cask/audit.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cask/audit.rb
index 4f8bae5c14..caf308cd65 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cask/audit.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cask/audit.rb
@@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ module Cask
       cask_min_os = [on_system_block_min_os, cask.depends_on.macos&.minimum_version].compact.max
       odebug "Declared minimum OS version: #{cask_min_os&.to_sym}"
       return if cask_min_os&.to_sym == min_os.to_sym
-      return if cask.on_system_blocks_exist? &&
+      return if cask.uses_on_system.present? &&
                 OnSystem.arch_condition_met?(:arm) &&
                 cask_min_os.present? &&
                 cask_min_os < MacOSVersion.new("11")
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cask/cask.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cask/cask.rb
index ec26010e90..c1deddc9ce 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cask/cask.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cask/cask.rb
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ module Cask
       hash = to_h
       variations = {}
 
-      if @dsl.on_system_blocks_exist?
+      if @dsl.uses_on_system.present?
         begin
           OnSystem::VALID_OS_ARCH_TAGS.each do |bottle_tag|
             next if bottle_tag.linux? && @dsl.os.nil?
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cask/dsl.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cask/dsl.rb
index ca35eebe39..b77003c608 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cask/dsl.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cask/dsl.rb
@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ module Cask
       :no_autobump!,
       :autobump?,
       :no_autobump_message,
-      :on_system_blocks_exist?,
-      :on_system_block_min_os,
       :depends_on_set_in_block?,
+      :on_system_block_min_os,
+      :uses_on_system,
       *ORDINARY_ARTIFACT_CLASSES.map(&:dsl_key),
       *ACTIVATABLE_ARTIFACT_CLASSES.map(&:dsl_key),
       *ARTIFACT_BLOCK_CLASSES.flat_map { |klass| [klass.dsl_key, klass.uninstall_dsl_key] },
@@ -121,6 +121,11 @@ module Cask
                 :disable_date, :disable_reason, :disable_replacement_cask,
                 :disable_replacement_formula, :on_system_block_min_os
 
+    # A `UsesOnSystem` object that contains boolean instance variables
+    # indicating whether the cask uses specific on_system methods.
+    sig { returns(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem) }
+    attr_reader :uses_on_system
+
     sig { params(cask: Cask).void }
     def initialize(cask)
       # NOTE: Variables set by `set_unique_stanza` must be initialized to `nil`.
@@ -153,13 +158,13 @@ module Cask
       @name = T.let([], T::Array[String])
       @autobump = T.let(true, T::Boolean)
       @no_autobump_defined = T.let(false, T::Boolean)
-      @on_system_blocks_exist = T.let(false, T::Boolean)
       @os = T.let(nil, T.nilable(String))
       @on_system_block_min_os = T.let(nil, T.nilable(MacOSVersion))
       @sha256 = T.let(nil, T.nilable(T.any(Checksum, Symbol)))
       @staged_path = T.let(nil, T.nilable(Pathname))
       @token = T.let(cask.token, String)
       @url = T.let(nil, T.nilable(URL))
+      @uses_on_system = T.let(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem.new, OnSystem::UsesOnSystem)
       @version = T.let(nil, T.nilable(DSL::Version))
     end
 
@@ -175,9 +180,6 @@ module Cask
     sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
     def livecheck_defined? = @livecheck_defined
 
-    sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-    def on_system_blocks_exist? = @on_system_blocks_exist
-
     # Specifies the cask's name.
     #
     # NOTE: Multiple names can be specified.
@@ -392,8 +394,15 @@ module Cask
 
       x86_64 ||= intel if intel.present? && x86_64.nil?
       set_unique_stanza(:sha256, should_return) do
-        if arm.present? || x86_64.present? || x86_64_linux.present? || arm64_linux.present?
-          @on_system_blocks_exist = true
+        @uses_on_system.arm = true if arm.present?
+        @uses_on_system.intel = true if x86_64.present?
+        if x86_64_linux.present?
+          @uses_on_system.intel = true
+          @uses_on_system.linux = true
+        end
+        if arm64_linux.present?
+          @uses_on_system.arm = true
+          @uses_on_system.linux = true
         end
 
         val = arg || on_system_conditional(
@@ -424,7 +433,8 @@ module Cask
       should_return = arm.nil? && intel.nil?
 
       set_unique_stanza(:arch, should_return) do
-        @on_system_blocks_exist = true
+        @uses_on_system.arm = true if arm
+        @uses_on_system.intel = true if intel
 
         on_arch_conditional(arm:, intel:)
       end
@@ -449,7 +459,8 @@ module Cask
       should_return = macos.nil? && linux.nil?
 
       set_unique_stanza(:os, should_return) do
-        @on_system_blocks_exist = true
+        @uses_on_system.macos = true if macos
+        @uses_on_system.linux = true if linux
 
         on_system_conditional(macos:, linux:)
       end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bump-cask-pr.rb b/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bump-cask-pr.rb
index 72e20c132e..83661f4aa7 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bump-cask-pr.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bump-cask-pr.rb
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ module Homebrew
         # to on_system blocks referencing macOS versions.
         os_values = []
         arch_values = depends_on_archs.presence || []
-        if cask.on_system_blocks_exist?
+        if cask.uses_on_system.present?
           OnSystem::BASE_OS_OPTIONS.each do |os|
             os_values << if os == :macos
               (current_os_is_macos ? current_os : newest_macos)
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ module Homebrew
             old_cask = begin
               Cask::CaskLoader.load(cask.sourcefile_path)
             rescue Cask::CaskInvalidError, Cask::CaskUnreadableError
-              raise unless cask.on_system_blocks_exist?
+              raise unless cask.uses_on_system.present?
             end
             next if old_cask.nil?
 
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ module Homebrew
               replacement_pairs << [/"#{old_hash}"/, ":no_check"] if old_hash != :no_check
             elsif old_hash == :no_check && new_hash != :no_check
               replacement_pairs << [":no_check", "\"#{new_hash}\""] if new_hash.is_a?(String)
-            elsif new_hash && !cask.on_system_blocks_exist? && cask.languages.empty?
+            elsif new_hash && cask.uses_on_system.blank? && cask.languages.empty?
               replacement_pairs << [old_hash.to_s, new_hash.to_s]
             elsif old_hash != :no_check
               opoo "Multiple checksum replacements required; ignoring specified `--sha256` argument." if new_hash
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bump.rb b/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bump.rb
index 1d510088fa..88f6802119 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bump.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bump.rb
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ module Homebrew
         ).returns(VersionBumpInfo)
       }
       def retrieve_versions_by_arch(formula_or_cask:, repositories:, name:)
-        is_cask_with_blocks = formula_or_cask.is_a?(Cask::Cask) && formula_or_cask.on_system_blocks_exist?
+        is_cask_with_blocks = formula_or_cask.is_a?(Cask::Cask) && formula_or_cask.uses_on_system.present?
         type, version_name = if formula_or_cask.is_a?(Formula)
           [:formula, "formula version:"]
         else
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/extend/on_system.rb b/Library/Homebrew/extend/on_system.rb
index a4426cd5e0..f881dbd3b1 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/extend/on_system.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/extend/on_system.rb
@@ -22,6 +22,28 @@ module OnSystem
     T::Array[Utils::Bottles::Tag],
   )
 
+  class UsesOnSystem < T::Struct
+    prop :arm, T::Boolean, default: false
+    prop :intel, T::Boolean, default: false
+    prop :linux, T::Boolean, default: false
+    prop :macos, T::Boolean, default: false
+
+    alias arm? arm
+    alias intel? intel
+    alias linux? linux
+    alias macos? macos
+
+    # Whether the object has only default values.
+    sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+    def empty?
+      !@arm && !@intel && !@linux && !@macos
+    end
+
+    # Whether the object has any non-default values.
+    sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+    def present? = !empty?
+  end
+
   sig { params(arch: Symbol).returns(T::Boolean) }
   def self.arch_condition_met?(arch)
     raise ArgumentError, "Invalid arch condition: #{arch.inspect}" if ARCH_OPTIONS.exclude?(arch)
@@ -65,7 +87,8 @@ module OnSystem
   def self.setup_arch_methods(base)
     ARCH_OPTIONS.each do |arch|
       base.define_method(:"on_#{arch}") do |&block|
-        @on_system_blocks_exist = T.let(true, T.nilable(T::Boolean))
+        @uses_on_system ||= T.let(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem.new, T.nilable(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem))
+        @uses_on_system.send(:"#{arch}=", true)
 
         return unless OnSystem.arch_condition_met? OnSystem.condition_from_method_name(T.must(__method__))
 
@@ -78,7 +101,9 @@ module OnSystem
     end
 
     base.define_method(:on_arch_conditional) do |arm: nil, intel: nil|
-      @on_system_blocks_exist = true
+      @uses_on_system ||= T.let(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem.new, T.nilable(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem))
+      @uses_on_system.arm = true if arm
+      @uses_on_system.intel = true if intel
 
       if OnSystem.arch_condition_met? :arm
         arm
@@ -92,7 +117,8 @@ module OnSystem
   def self.setup_base_os_methods(base)
     BASE_OS_OPTIONS.each do |base_os|
       base.define_method(:"on_#{base_os}") do |&block|
-        @on_system_blocks_exist = true
+        @uses_on_system ||= T.let(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem.new, T.nilable(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem))
+        @uses_on_system.send(:"#{base_os}=", true)
 
         return unless OnSystem.os_condition_met? OnSystem.condition_from_method_name(T.must(__method__))
 
@@ -105,7 +131,9 @@ module OnSystem
     end
 
     base.define_method(:on_system) do |linux, macos:, &block|
-      @on_system_blocks_exist = true
+      @uses_on_system ||= T.let(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem.new, T.nilable(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem))
+      @uses_on_system.linux = true
+      @uses_on_system.macos = true
 
       raise ArgumentError, "The first argument to `on_system` must be `:linux`" if linux != :linux
 
@@ -124,7 +152,9 @@ module OnSystem
     end
 
     base.define_method(:on_system_conditional) do |macos: nil, linux: nil|
-      @on_system_blocks_exist = true
+      @uses_on_system ||= T.let(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem.new, T.nilable(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem))
+      @uses_on_system.macos = true if macos
+      @uses_on_system.linux = true if linux
 
       if OnSystem.os_condition_met?(:macos) && macos.present?
         macos
@@ -138,7 +168,8 @@ module OnSystem
   def self.setup_macos_methods(base)
     MacOSVersion::SYMBOLS.each_key do |os_name|
       base.define_method(:"on_#{os_name}") do |or_condition = nil, &block|
-        @on_system_blocks_exist = true
+        @uses_on_system ||= T.let(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem.new, T.nilable(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem))
+        @uses_on_system.macos = true
 
         os_condition = OnSystem.condition_from_method_name T.must(__method__)
         return unless OnSystem.os_condition_met? os_condition, or_condition
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb b/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
index 740e258a32..3a2c31a34e 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ class Formula
     @follow_installed_alias = T.let(true, T::Boolean)
     @prefix_returns_versioned_prefix = T.let(false, T.nilable(T::Boolean))
     @oldname_locks = T.let([], T::Array[FormulaLock])
-    @on_system_blocks_exist = T.let(false, T::Boolean)
+    @uses_on_system = T.let(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem.new, OnSystem::UsesOnSystem)
   end
 
   sig { params(spec_sym: Symbol).void }
@@ -2591,7 +2591,7 @@ class Formula
 
     variations = {}
 
-    if path.exist? && on_system_blocks_exist?
+    if path.exist? && uses_on_system.present?
       formula_contents = path.read
       OnSystem::VALID_OS_ARCH_TAGS.each do |bottle_tag|
         Homebrew::SimulateSystem.with_tag(bottle_tag) do
@@ -2789,9 +2789,11 @@ class Formula
     end
   end
 
-  sig { returns(T.nilable(T::Boolean)) }
-  def on_system_blocks_exist?
-    self.class.on_system_blocks_exist? || @on_system_blocks_exist
+  # A `UsesOnSystem` object that contains boolean instance variables indicating
+  # whether the formula uses specific on_system methods.
+  sig { returns(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem) }
+  def uses_on_system
+    self.class.uses_on_system || @uses_on_system
   end
 
   sig {
@@ -3331,7 +3333,7 @@ class Formula
         @skip_clean_paths = T.let(Set.new, T.nilable(T::Set[T.any(String, Symbol)]))
         @link_overwrite_paths = T.let(Set.new, T.nilable(T::Set[String]))
         @loaded_from_api = T.let(false, T.nilable(T::Boolean))
-        @on_system_blocks_exist = T.let(false, T.nilable(T::Boolean))
+        @uses_on_system = T.let(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem.new, T.nilable(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem))
         @network_access_allowed = T.let(SUPPORTED_NETWORK_ACCESS_PHASES.to_h do |phase|
           [phase, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ACCESS_ALLOWED]
         end, T.nilable(T::Hash[Symbol, T::Boolean]))
@@ -3345,6 +3347,7 @@ class Formula
       @conflicts.freeze
       @skip_clean_paths.freeze
       @link_overwrite_paths.freeze
+      @uses_on_system.freeze
       super
     end
 
@@ -3355,10 +3358,10 @@ class Formula
     sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
     def loaded_from_api? = !!@loaded_from_api
 
-    # Whether this formula contains OS/arch-specific blocks
-    # (e.g. `on_macos`, `on_arm`, `on_monterey :or_older`, `on_system :linux, macos: :big_sur_or_newer`).
-    sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
-    def on_system_blocks_exist? = !!@on_system_blocks_exist
+    # A `UsesOnSystem` object that contains boolean instance variables
+    # indicating whether the formula uses specific on_system methods.
+    sig { returns(T.nilable(OnSystem::UsesOnSystem)) }
+    attr_reader :uses_on_system
 
     # The reason for why this software is not linked (by default) to {::HOMEBREW_PREFIX}.
     sig { returns(T.nilable(KegOnlyReason)) }
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/readall.rb b/Library/Homebrew/readall.rb
index 36ae737fcf..5d2c2ae5be 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/readall.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/readall.rb
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ module Readall
       readall_formula = readall_formula_class.new(formula_name, file, :stable, tap:)
       readall_formula.to_hash
       # TODO: Remove check for MACOS_MODULE_REGEX once the `MacOS` module is undefined on Linux
-      cache[:valid_formulae][file] = if readall_formula.on_system_blocks_exist? ||
+      cache[:valid_formulae][file] = if readall_formula.uses_on_system.present? ||
                                         formula_contents.match?(MACOS_MODULE_REGEX)
         [bottle_tag, *cache[:valid_formulae][file]]
       else
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/cask/cask.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/cask/cask.rbi
index 1ea511aa2e..6f73b6ca5e 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/cask/cask.rbi
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/sorbet/rbi/dsl/cask/cask.rbi
@@ -153,9 +153,6 @@ class Cask::Cask
   sig { params(args: T.untyped, block: T.untyped).returns(T.nilable(MacOSVersion)) }
   def on_system_block_min_os(*args, &block); end
 
-  sig { params(args: T.untyped, block: T.untyped).returns(T::Boolean) }
-  def on_system_blocks_exist?(*args, &block); end
-
   sig { params(args: T.untyped, block: T.untyped).returns(T.untyped) }
   def os(*args, &block); end
 
@@ -204,6 +201,9 @@ class Cask::Cask
   sig { params(args: T.untyped, block: T.untyped).returns(T.nilable(::Cask::URL)) }
   def url(*args, &block); end
 
+  sig { params(args: T.untyped, block: T.untyped).returns(T.untyped) }
+  def uses_on_system(*args, &block); end
+
   sig { params(args: T.untyped, block: T.untyped).returns(T.untyped) }
   def version(*args, &block); end
 
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/dsl_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/dsl_spec.rb
index c9b75cf482..0895cbdfb2 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/dsl_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/dsl_spec.rb
@@ -141,6 +141,10 @@ RSpec.describe Cask::DSL, :cask do
         it "stores only the arm checksum" do
           expect(cask.sha256).to eq("imasha2arm")
         end
+
+        it "sets @uses_on_system.arm to true" do
+          expect(cask.uses_on_system.arm?).to be true
+        end
       end
 
       context "when running on intel" do
@@ -151,6 +155,86 @@ RSpec.describe Cask::DSL, :cask do
         it "stores only the intel checksum" do
           expect(cask.sha256).to eq("imasha2intel")
         end
+
+        it "sets @uses_on_system.intel to true" do
+          expect(cask.uses_on_system.intel?).to be true
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "with an arm64_linux checksum" do
+      let(:cask_arm_linux) do
+        Homebrew::SimulateSystem.with os: :linux, arch: :arm do
+          Cask::Cask.new("arm64_linux-checksum-cask") do
+            sha256 arm64_linux: "imasha2armlinux"
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      before do
+        allow(Hardware::CPU).to receive(:type).and_return(:arm)
+      end
+
+      it "stores only the intel checksum" do
+        expect(cask_arm_linux.sha256).to eq("imasha2armlinux")
+      end
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.arm to true" do
+        expect(cask_arm_linux.uses_on_system.arm?).to be true
+      end
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.linux to true" do
+        expect(cask_arm_linux.uses_on_system.linux?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "with an x86_64_linux checksum" do
+      let(:cask_intel_linux) do
+        Homebrew::SimulateSystem.with os: :linux, arch: :intel do
+          Cask::Cask.new("x86_64_linux-checksum-cask") do
+            sha256 x86_64_linux: "imasha2intellinux"
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      before do
+        allow(Hardware::CPU).to receive(:type).and_return(:intel)
+      end
+
+      it "stores only the intel checksum" do
+        expect(cask_intel_linux.sha256).to eq("imasha2intellinux")
+      end
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.intel to true" do
+        expect(cask_intel_linux.uses_on_system.intel?).to be true
+      end
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.linux to true" do
+        expect(cask_intel_linux.uses_on_system.linux?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "with a :no_check checksum" do
+      let(:cask_no_check) do
+        Cask::Cask.new("no_check-checksum-cask") do
+          sha256 :no_check
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "stores the :no_check symbol" do
+        expect(cask_no_check.sha256).to eq(:no_check)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "with an invalid checksum value" do
+      let(:cask_invalid_checksum) do
+        Cask::Cask.new("invalid-checksum-cask") do
+          sha256 :invalid_symbol
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "refuses to load" do
+        expect { cask_invalid_checksum }.to raise_error(Cask::CaskInvalidError)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -369,6 +453,10 @@ RSpec.describe Cask::DSL, :cask do
         it "returns the value" do
           expect(cask.url.to_s).to eq "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine-arm.zip"
         end
+
+        it "sets uses_on_system.arm to true" do
+          expect(cask.uses_on_system.arm?).to be true
+        end
       end
 
       context "when running on intel" do
@@ -381,6 +469,104 @@ RSpec.describe Cask::DSL, :cask do
         end
       end
     end
+
+    context "when no arm value is specified" do
+      let(:token) { "arch-intel-only" }
+
+      context "when running on intel" do
+        before do
+          allow(Hardware::CPU).to receive(:type).and_return(:intel)
+        end
+
+        it "returns the value" do
+          expect(cask.url.to_s).to eq "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine-intel.zip"
+        end
+
+        it "sets uses_on_system.intel to true" do
+          expect(cask.uses_on_system.intel?).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when running on arm" do
+        before do
+          allow(Hardware::CPU).to receive(:type).and_return(:arm)
+        end
+
+        it "defaults to `nil` for the other when no arrays are passed" do
+          expect(cask.url.to_s).to eq "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine.zip"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "os stanza" do
+    context "when os is called more than once" do
+      let(:cask_multiple_os_calls) { Cask::CaskLoader.load(cask_path("invalid/invalid-two-os")) }
+
+      it "prevents defining multiple oss" do
+        expect { cask_multiple_os_calls }.to raise_error(Cask::CaskInvalidError, /'os' stanza may only appear once/)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when only a macos value is specified" do
+      context "when running on macos" do
+        let(:cask_os_macos_only) do
+          Homebrew::SimulateSystem.with(os: :sequoia) do
+            Cask::CaskLoader.load(cask_path("os-macos-only"))
+          end
+        end
+
+        it "returns the value" do
+          expect(cask_os_macos_only.url.to_s).to eq "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine-darwin.zip"
+        end
+
+        it "sets uses_on_system.macos to true" do
+          expect(cask_os_macos_only.uses_on_system.macos?).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when running on linux" do
+        let(:cask_os_macos_only) do
+          Homebrew::SimulateSystem.with(os: :linux) do
+            Cask::CaskLoader.load(cask_path("os-macos-only"))
+          end
+        end
+
+        it "defaults to `nil`" do
+          expect(cask_os_macos_only.url.to_s).to eq "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine.zip"
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when only a linux value is specified" do
+      context "when running on linux" do
+        let(:cask_os_linux_only) do
+          Homebrew::SimulateSystem.with(os: :linux) do
+            Cask::CaskLoader.load(cask_path("os-linux-only"))
+          end
+        end
+
+        it "returns the value" do
+          expect(cask_os_linux_only.url.to_s).to eq "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine-linux.zip"
+        end
+
+        it "sets uses_on_system.linux to true" do
+          expect(cask_os_linux_only.uses_on_system.linux?).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when running on macos" do
+        let(:cask_os_linux_only) do
+          Homebrew::SimulateSystem.with(os: :sequoia) do
+            Cask::CaskLoader.load(cask_path("os-linux-only"))
+          end
+        end
+
+        it "defaults to `nil`" do
+          expect(cask_os_linux_only.url.to_s).to eq "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine.zip"
+        end
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   describe "depends_on stanza" do
@@ -598,4 +784,112 @@ RSpec.describe Cask::DSL, :cask do
       ]
     end
   end
+
+  describe "#uses_on_system" do
+    context "when cask uses on_arm" do
+      let(:token) { "with-on-arch-blocks" }
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.arm to true" do
+        expect(cask.uses_on_system.arm?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when cask uses on_intel" do
+      let(:token) { "with-on-arch-blocks" }
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.intel to true" do
+        expect(cask.uses_on_system.intel?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when cask uses on_arch_conditional" do
+      context "when arm argument is provided" do
+        let(:token) { "with-on-arch-conditional" }
+
+        it "sets @uses_on_system.arm to true" do
+          expect(cask.uses_on_system.arm?).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when intel argument is provided" do
+        let(:token) { "with-on-arch-conditional" }
+
+        it "sets @uses_on_system.intel to true" do
+          expect(cask.uses_on_system.intel?).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when no arguments are provided" do
+        let(:token) { "with-on-arch-conditional-no-args" }
+
+        it "doesn't set @uses_on_system.arm or .intel to true" do
+          expect(cask.uses_on_system.arm?).to be false
+          expect(cask.uses_on_system.intel?).to be false
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when cask uses on_linux" do
+      let(:token) { "with-on-os-blocks" }
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.linux to true" do
+        expect(cask.uses_on_system.linux?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when cask uses on_macos" do
+      let(:token) { "with-on-os-blocks" }
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.macos to true" do
+        expect(cask.uses_on_system.macos?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when cask uses on_system" do
+      let(:token) { "with-on-system-blocks" }
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.linux to true" do
+        expect(cask.uses_on_system.linux?).to be true
+      end
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.macos to true" do
+        expect(cask.uses_on_system.macos?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when cask uses on_system_conditional" do
+      context "when linux argument is provided" do
+        let(:token) { "with-on-system-conditional" }
+
+        it "sets @uses_on_system.linux to true" do
+          expect(cask.uses_on_system.linux?).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when macos argument is provided" do
+        let(:token) { "with-on-system-conditional" }
+
+        it "sets @uses_on_system.macos to true" do
+          expect(cask.uses_on_system.macos?).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when no arguments are provided" do
+        let(:token) { "with-on-system-conditional-no-args" }
+
+        it "doesn't set @uses_on_system.linux or .macos to true" do
+          expect(cask.uses_on_system.linux?).to be false
+          expect(cask.uses_on_system.macos?).to be false
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when cask uses on_* macos version methods" do
+      let(:token) { "with-on-macos-version-blocks" }
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.macos to true" do
+        expect(cask.uses_on_system.macos?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/extend/on_system_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/extend/on_system_spec.rb
index 605c37f0d8..84fc72c006 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/extend/on_system_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/extend/on_system_spec.rb
@@ -27,6 +27,31 @@ RSpec.describe OnSystem do
     end
   end
 
+  describe "UsesOnSystem" do
+    uses_on_system_empty = described_class::UsesOnSystem.new
+    uses_on_system_present = described_class::UsesOnSystem.new(arm: true)
+
+    describe "#empty?" do
+      it "returns true if all properties are default values" do
+        expect(uses_on_system_empty.empty?).to be true
+      end
+
+      it "returns false if any properties have a non-default value" do
+        expect(uses_on_system_present.empty?).to be false
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe "#present?" do
+      it "returns true if object is not empty" do
+        expect(uses_on_system_present.present?).to be true
+      end
+
+      it "returns false if object is empty" do
+        expect(uses_on_system_empty.present?).to be false
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   describe "::arch_condition_met?" do
     it "returns true if current arch equals provided arch" do
       Homebrew::SimulateSystem.with(arch: :arm) do
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/formula_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/formula_spec.rb
index ada1618966..f9d2aa28ab 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/formula_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/formula_spec.rb
@@ -1951,6 +1951,189 @@ RSpec.describe Formula do
     end
   end
 
+  describe "#uses_on_system" do
+    # These formula definitions use a different way of creating the formula,
+    # as the `Class.new` approach doesn't seem to work as expected for
+    # `uses_on_system`.
+    context "when formula uses on_arm" do
+      let(:f_on_arm) do
+        formula("on-arm") do
+          on_arm do
+            url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0-arm.tar.gz"
+          end
+
+          url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.tar.gz"
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.arm to true" do
+        expect(f_on_arm.uses_on_system.arm?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when formula uses on_intel" do
+      let(:f_on_intel) do
+        formula("on-intel") do
+          on_intel do
+            url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0-arm.tar.gz"
+          end
+
+          url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.tar.gz"
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.intel to true" do
+        expect(f_on_intel.uses_on_system.intel?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when formula uses on_arch_conditional" do
+      let(:f_on_arch_conditional) do
+        formula("on-arch-conditional") do
+          folder = on_arch_conditional arm: "arm/", intel: "intel/"
+
+          url "https://brew.sh/#{folder}foo-1.0.tar.gz"
+        end
+      end
+      let(:f_on_arch_conditional_no_args) do
+        formula("on-arch-conditional-no-args") do
+          folder = on_arch_conditional
+
+          url "https://brew.sh/#{folder}foo-1.0.tar.gz"
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when arm argument is provided" do
+        it "sets @uses_on_system.arm to true" do
+          expect(f_on_arch_conditional.uses_on_system.arm?).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when intel argument is provided" do
+        it "sets @uses_on_system.intel to true" do
+          expect(f_on_arch_conditional.uses_on_system.intel?).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when no arguments are provided" do
+        it "doesn't set @uses_on_system.arm or .intel to true" do
+          expect(f_on_arch_conditional_no_args.uses_on_system.arm?).to be false
+          expect(f_on_arch_conditional_no_args.uses_on_system.intel?).to be false
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when formula uses on_linux" do
+      let(:f_on_linux) do
+        formula("on-linux") do
+          on_linux do
+            url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0-linux.tar.gz"
+          end
+
+          url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.tar.gz"
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.linux to true" do
+        expect(f_on_linux.uses_on_system.linux?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when formula uses on_macos" do
+      let(:f_on_macos) do
+        formula("on-macos") do
+          on_macos do
+            url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0-macos.tar.gz"
+          end
+
+          url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.tar.gz"
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.macos to true" do
+        expect(f_on_macos.uses_on_system.macos?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when formula uses on_system" do
+      let(:f_on_system) do
+        formula("on-system") do
+          on_system :linux, macos: :sequoia_or_newer do
+            url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0-new.tar.gz"
+          end
+
+          url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.tar.gz"
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.linux to true" do
+        expect(f_on_system.uses_on_system.linux?).to be true
+      end
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.macos to true" do
+        expect(f_on_system.uses_on_system.macos?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when formula uses on_system_conditional" do
+      let(:f_on_system_conditional) do
+        formula("on-system-conditional") do
+          folder = on_system_conditional linux: "linux/", macos: "macos/"
+
+          url "https://brew.sh/#{folder}foo-1.0.tar.gz"
+        end
+      end
+      let(:f_on_system_conditional_no_args) do
+        formula("on-system-conditional-no-args") do
+          folder = on_system_conditional
+
+          url "https://brew.sh/#{folder}foo-1.0.tar.gz"
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when linux argument is provided" do
+        it "sets @uses_on_system.linux to true" do
+          expect(f_on_system_conditional.uses_on_system.linux?).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when macos argument is provided" do
+        it "sets @uses_on_system.macos to true" do
+          expect(f_on_system_conditional.uses_on_system.macos?).to be true
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "when no arguments are provided" do
+        it "doesn't set @uses_on_system.linux or .macos to true" do
+          expect(f_on_system_conditional_no_args.uses_on_system.linux?).to be false
+          expect(f_on_system_conditional_no_args.uses_on_system.macos?).to be false
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when formula uses on_* macos version methods" do
+      let(:f_on_macos_versions) do
+        formula("on-macos-versions") do
+          url "https://brew.sh/foo-1.0.tar.gz"
+
+          on_big_sur :or_older do
+            depends_on "abc"
+          end
+          on_monterey do
+            depends_on "def"
+          end
+          on_ventura :or_newer do
+            depends_on "ghi"
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      it "sets @uses_on_system.macos to true" do
+        expect(f_on_macos_versions.uses_on_system.macos?).to be true
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   describe "#network_access_allowed?" do
     it "throws an error when passed an invalid symbol" do
       f = Testball.new
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/arch-intel-only.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/arch-intel-only.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..477c6fea25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/arch-intel-only.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cask "arch-intel-only" do
+  arch intel: "-intel"
+
+  version "1.2.3"
+  sha256 "67cdb8a02803ef37fdbf7e0be205863172e41a561ca446cd84f0d7ab35a99d94"
+
+  url "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine#{arch}.zip"
+  homepage "https://brew.sh/"
+
+  app "Caffeine.app"
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/invalid/invalid-two-os.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/invalid/invalid-two-os.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd83bab1dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/invalid/invalid-two-os.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+cask "invalid-two-os" do
+  os linux: "linux", macos: "darwin"
+  os linux: "linux2", macos: "darwin2"
+
+  version "1.2.3"
+  sha256 "67cdb8a02803ef37fdbf7e0be205863172e41a561ca446cd84f0d7ab35a99d94"
+
+  url "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine.zip"
+  homepage "https://brew.sh/"
+
+  app "Caffeine.app"
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/os-linux-only.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/os-linux-only.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ad03208574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/os-linux-only.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cask "os-linux-only" do
+  os linux: "-linux"
+
+  version "1.2.3"
+  sha256 "67cdb8a02803ef37fdbf7e0be205863172e41a561ca446cd84f0d7ab35a99d94"
+
+  url "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine#{os}.zip"
+  homepage "https://brew.sh/"
+
+  app "Caffeine.app"
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/os-macos-only.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/os-macos-only.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1dccf7ae6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/os-macos-only.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cask "os-macos-only" do
+  os macos: "-darwin"
+
+  version "1.2.3"
+  sha256 "67cdb8a02803ef37fdbf7e0be205863172e41a561ca446cd84f0d7ab35a99d94"
+
+  url "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine#{os}.zip"
+  homepage "https://brew.sh/"
+
+  app "Caffeine.app"
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-arch-blocks.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-arch-blocks.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6017046dfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-arch-blocks.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+cask "with-on-arch-blocks" do
+  on_arm do
+    version "1.2.4"
+    sha256 "67cdb8a02803ef37fdbf7e0be205863172e41a561ca446cd84f0d7ab35a99d94"
+  end
+  on_intel do
+    version "1.2.3"
+    sha256 "8c62a2b791cf5f0da6066a0a4b6e85f62949cd60975da062df44adf887f4370b"
+  end
+
+  url "https://brew.sh/TestCask-#{version}.dmg"
+  homepage "https://brew.sh/"
+
+  app "TestCask.app"
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-arch-conditional-no-args.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-arch-conditional-no-args.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8451837397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-arch-conditional-no-args.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+cask "with-on-arch-conditional-no-args" do
+  folder = on_arch_conditional
+
+  url "https://brew.sh/#{folder}TestCask-#{version}.dmg"
+  homepage "https://brew.sh/"
+
+  app "TestCask.app"
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-arch-conditional.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-arch-conditional.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..935c92e4b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-arch-conditional.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+cask "with-on-arch-conditional" do
+  folder = on_arch_conditional arm: "arm-dir/", intel: "intel-dir/"
+
+  url "https://brew.sh/#{folder}TestCask-#{version}.dmg"
+  homepage "https://brew.sh/"
+
+  app "TestCask.app"
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-macos-version-blocks.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-macos-version-blocks.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5a56046897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-macos-version-blocks.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+cask "with-on-macos-version-blocks" do
+  on_big_sur :or_older do
+    version "1.2.3"
+    sha256 "8c62a2b791cf5f0da6066a0a4b6e85f62949cd60975da062df44adf887f4370b"
+  end
+  on_monterey do
+    version "1.2.4"
+    sha256 "67cdb8a02803ef37fdbf7e0be205863172e41a561ca446cd84f0d7ab35a99d94"
+  end
+  on_ventura :or_newer do
+    version "1.2.5"
+    sha256 "306c6ca7407560340797866e077e053627ad409277d1b9da58106fce4cf717cb"
+  end
+
+  url "https://brew.sh/TestCask-#{version}.dmg"
+  homepage "https://brew.sh/"
+
+  app "TestCask.app"
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-os-blocks.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-os-blocks.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68915e1a86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-os-blocks.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+cask "with-on-os-blocks" do
+  on_linux do
+    version "1.2.3"
+    sha256 "8c62a2b791cf5f0da6066a0a4b6e85f62949cd60975da062df44adf887f4370b"
+  end
+  on_macos do
+    version "1.2.4"
+    sha256 "67cdb8a02803ef37fdbf7e0be205863172e41a561ca446cd84f0d7ab35a99d94"
+  end
+
+  url "https://brew.sh/TestCask-#{version}.zip"
+  homepage "https://brew.sh/"
+
+  binary "testcask"
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-system-blocks.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-system-blocks.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e47885dbc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-system-blocks.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cask "with-on-system-blocks" do
+  on_system :linux, macos: :sequoia_or_newer do
+    version "1.2.4"
+    sha256 "67cdb8a02803ef37fdbf7e0be205863172e41a561ca446cd84f0d7ab35a99d94"
+  end
+
+  url "https://brew.sh/TestCask-#{version}.dmg"
+  homepage "https://brew.sh/"
+
+  app "TestCask.app"
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-system-conditional-no-args.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-system-conditional-no-args.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e4bf32f4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-system-conditional-no-args.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+cask "with-on-system-conditional-no-args" do
+  folder = on_system_conditional
+
+  url "https://brew.sh/#{folder}TestCask-#{version}.dmg"
+  homepage "https://brew.sh/"
+
+  app "TestCask.app"
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-system-conditional.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-system-conditional.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3dae56528d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/support/fixtures/cask/Casks/with-on-system-conditional.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+cask "with-on-system-conditional" do
+  folder = on_system_conditional linux: "linux-dir/", macos: "macos-dir/"
+
+  url "https://brew.sh/#{folder}TestCask-#{version}.dmg"
+  homepage "https://brew.sh/"
+
+  app "TestCask.app"
+end