diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cask/cask.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cask/cask.rb
index c30dfa7c22..955cad92df 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cask/cask.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cask/cask.rb
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ module Cask
     end
     alias == eql?
 
-    def to_hash
+    def to_h
       {
         "token"          => token,
         "full_token"     => full_name,
@@ -243,8 +243,8 @@ module Cask
       }
     end
 
-    def to_h
-      hash = to_hash
+    def to_hash_with_variations
+      hash = to_h
       variations = {}
 
       hash_keys_to_skip = %w[outdated installed versions]
@@ -252,21 +252,20 @@ module Cask
       if @dsl.on_system_blocks_exist?
         [:arm, :intel].each do |arch|
           MacOSVersions::SYMBOLS.each_key do |os_name|
-            # Big Sur is the first version of macOS that supports arm
-            next if arch == :arm && MacOS::Version.from_symbol(os_name) < MacOS::Version.from_symbol(:big_sur)
+            bottle_tag = ::Utils::Bottles::Tag.new(system: os_name, arch: arch)
+            next unless bottle_tag.valid_combination?
 
             Homebrew::SimulateSystem.os = os_name
             Homebrew::SimulateSystem.arch = arch
 
             refresh
 
-            bottle_tag = ::Utils::Bottles::Tag.new(system: os_name, arch: arch).to_sym
-            to_hash.each do |key, value|
+            to_h.each do |key, value|
               next if hash_keys_to_skip.include? key
               next if value.to_s == hash[key].to_s
 
-              variations[bottle_tag] ||= {}
-              variations[bottle_tag][key] = value
+              variations[bottle_tag.to_sym] ||= {}
+              variations[bottle_tag.to_sym][key] = value
             end
           end
         end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/cmd/info.rb b/Library/Homebrew/cmd/info.rb
index 0fe8851a56..4f6d706567 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/cmd/info.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/cmd/info.rb
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ module Homebrew
       switch "--all",
              depends_on:  "--json",
              description: "Print JSON of all available formulae."
+      switch "--variations",
+             depends_on:  "--json",
+             description: "Include the variations hash in each formula's JSON output."
       switch "-v", "--verbose",
              description: "Show more verbose analytics data for <formula>."
       switch "--formula", "--formulae",
@@ -202,6 +205,8 @@ module Homebrew
 
       if args.bottle?
         formulae.map(&:to_recursive_bottle_hash)
+      elsif args.variations?
+        formulae.map(&:to_hash_with_variations)
       else
         formulae.map(&:to_hash)
       end
@@ -216,6 +221,11 @@ module Homebrew
 
       if args.bottle?
         { "formulae" => formulae.map(&:to_recursive_bottle_hash) }
+      elsif args.variations?
+        {
+          "formulae" => formulae.map(&:to_hash_with_variations),
+          "casks"    => casks.map(&:to_hash_with_variations),
+        }
       else
         {
           "formulae" => formulae.map(&:to_hash),
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb b/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
index 17488e0ed1..1e8086d8e0 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/formula.rb
@@ -2005,6 +2005,45 @@ class Formula
     hsh
   end
 
+  # @private
+  def to_hash_with_variations
+    hash = to_hash
+    variations = {}
+
+    os_versions = [*MacOSVersions::SYMBOLS.keys, :linux]
+
+    if path.exist? && self.class.on_system_blocks_exist?
+      formula_contents = path.read
+      [:arm, :intel].each do |arch|
+        os_versions.each do |os_name|
+          bottle_tag = Utils::Bottles::Tag.new(system: os_name, arch: arch)
+          next unless bottle_tag.valid_combination?
+
+          Homebrew::SimulateSystem.os = os_name
+          Homebrew::SimulateSystem.arch = arch
+
+          variations_namespace = Formulary.class_s("Variations#{bottle_tag.to_sym.capitalize}")
+          variations_formula_class = Formulary.load_formula(name, path, formula_contents, variations_namespace,
+                                                            flags: self.class.build_flags, ignore_errors: true)
+          variations_formula = variations_formula_class.new(name, path, :stable,
+                                                            alias_path: alias_path, force_bottle: force_bottle)
+
+          variations_formula.to_hash.each do |key, value|
+            next if value.to_s == hash[key].to_s
+
+            variations[bottle_tag.to_sym] ||= {}
+            variations[bottle_tag.to_sym][key] = value
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    Homebrew::SimulateSystem.clear
+
+    hash["variations"] = variations
+    hash
+  end
+
   # @api private
   # Generate a hash to be used to install a formula from a JSON file
   def to_recursive_bottle_hash(top_level: true)
@@ -2469,6 +2508,7 @@ class Formula
 
   # The methods below define the formula DSL.
   class << self
+    extend Predicable
     include BuildEnvironment::DSL
     include OnSystem::MacOSAndLinux
 
@@ -2483,6 +2523,11 @@ class Formula
       end
     end
 
+    # Whether this formula contains OS/arch-specific blocks
+    # (e.g. `on_macos`, `on_arm`, `on_monterey :or_older`, `on_system :linux, macos: :big_sur_or_newer`).
+    # @private
+    attr_predicate :on_system_blocks_exist?
+
     # The reason for why this software is not linked (by default) to
     # {::HOMEBREW_PREFIX}.
     # @private
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/formula.rbi b/Library/Homebrew/formula.rbi
index f77f4c0c50..fc8d6c255c 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/formula.rbi
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/formula.rbi
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ class Formula
   def env; end
   def conflicts; end
 
+  def self.on_system_blocks_exist?; end
   # This method is included by `OnSystem`
   def self.on_macos(&block); end
 end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/cask_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/cask_spec.rb
index be59b6df8e..f52ba3cb66 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/cask_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/cask_spec.rb
@@ -211,4 +211,64 @@ describe Cask::Cask, :cask do
       end
     end
   end
+
+  describe "#to_hash_with_variations" do
+    let!(:original_macos_version) { MacOS.full_version.to_s }
+    let(:expected_variations) {
+      <<~JSON
+        {
+          "arm64_big_sur": {
+            "url": "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine/1.2.0/arm.zip",
+            "version": "1.2.0",
+            "sha256": "8c62a2b791cf5f0da6066a0a4b6e85f62949cd60975da062df44adf887f4370b"
+          },
+          "monterey": {
+            "url": "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine/1.2.3/intel.zip"
+          },
+          "big_sur": {
+            "url": "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine/1.2.0/intel.zip",
+            "version": "1.2.0",
+            "sha256": "8c62a2b791cf5f0da6066a0a4b6e85f62949cd60975da062df44adf887f4370b"
+          },
+          "catalina": {
+            "url": "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine/1.0.0/intel.zip",
+            "version": "1.0.0",
+            "sha256": "1866dfa833b123bb8fe7fa7185ebf24d28d300d0643d75798bc23730af734216"
+          },
+          "mojave": {
+            "url": "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine/1.0.0/intel.zip",
+            "version": "1.0.0",
+            "sha256": "1866dfa833b123bb8fe7fa7185ebf24d28d300d0643d75798bc23730af734216"
+          }
+        }
+      JSON
+    }
+
+    before do
+      # Use a more limited symbols list to shorten the variations hash
+      symbols = {
+        monterey: "12",
+        big_sur:  "11",
+        catalina: "10.15",
+        mojave:   "10.14",
+      }
+      stub_const("MacOSVersions::SYMBOLS", symbols)
+
+      # For consistency, always run on Monterey and ARM
+      MacOS.full_version = "12"
+      allow(Hardware::CPU).to receive(:type).and_return(:arm)
+    end
+
+    after do
+      MacOS.full_version = original_macos_version
+    end
+
+    it "returns the correct variations hash" do
+      c = Cask::CaskLoader.load("multiple-versions")
+      h = c.to_hash_with_variations
+
+      expect(h).to be_a(Hash)
+      expect(JSON.pretty_generate(h["variations"])).to eq expected_variations.strip
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/cmd/list_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/cmd/list_spec.rb
index b09c8ae9ae..86704bc041 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/cmd/list_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/cask/cmd/list_spec.rb
@@ -120,9 +120,7 @@ describe Cask::Cmd::List, :cask do
             },
             "conflicts_with": null,
             "container": null,
-            "auto_updates": null,
-            "variations": {
-            }
+            "auto_updates": null
           },
           {
             "token": "local-transmission",
@@ -151,9 +149,7 @@ describe Cask::Cmd::List, :cask do
             },
             "conflicts_with": null,
             "container": null,
-            "auto_updates": null,
-            "variations": {
-            }
+            "auto_updates": null
           },
           {
             "token": "multiple-versions",
@@ -185,32 +181,7 @@ describe Cask::Cmd::List, :cask do
             },
             "conflicts_with": null,
             "container": null,
-            "auto_updates": null,
-            "variations": {
-              "arm_big_sur": {
-                "url": "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine/1.2.0/arm.zip",
-                "version": "1.2.0",
-                "sha256": "8c62a2b791cf5f0da6066a0a4b6e85f62949cd60975da062df44adf887f4370b"
-              },
-              "intel_monterey": {
-                "url": "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine/1.2.3/intel.zip"
-              },
-              "intel_big_sur": {
-                "url": "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine/1.2.0/intel.zip",
-                "version": "1.2.0",
-                "sha256": "8c62a2b791cf5f0da6066a0a4b6e85f62949cd60975da062df44adf887f4370b"
-              },
-              "intel_catalina": {
-                "url": "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine/1.0.0/intel.zip",
-                "version": "1.0.0",
-                "sha256": "1866dfa833b123bb8fe7fa7185ebf24d28d300d0643d75798bc23730af734216"
-              },
-              "intel_mojave": {
-                "url": "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/cask/caffeine/1.0.0/intel.zip",
-                "version": "1.0.0",
-                "sha256": "1866dfa833b123bb8fe7fa7185ebf24d28d300d0643d75798bc23730af734216"
-              }
-            }
+            "auto_updates": null
           },
           {
             "token": "third-party-cask",
@@ -239,9 +210,7 @@ describe Cask::Cmd::List, :cask do
             },
             "conflicts_with": null,
             "container": null,
-            "auto_updates": null,
-            "variations": {
-            }
+            "auto_updates": null
           }
         ]
       EOS
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/formula_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/formula_spec.rb
index e47a197361..d4680abd7f 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/formula_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/formula_spec.rb
@@ -905,6 +905,99 @@ describe Formula do
     expect(h["versions"]["bottle"]).to be_truthy
   end
 
+  describe "#to_hash_with_variations", :needs_macos do
+    let(:formula_path) { CoreTap.new.formula_dir/"foo-variations.rb" }
+    let(:formula_content) do
+      <<~RUBY
+        class FooVariations < Formula
+          url "file://#{TEST_FIXTURE_DIR}/tarballs/testball-0.1.tbz"
+          sha256 TESTBALL_SHA256
+
+          on_intel do
+            depends_on "intel-formula"
+          end
+
+          on_big_sur do
+            depends_on "big-sur-formula"
+          end
+
+          on_catalina :or_older do
+            depends_on "catalina-or-older-formula"
+          end
+
+          on_linux do
+            depends_on "linux-formula"
+          end
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+    let(:expected_variations) {
+      <<~JSON
+        {
+          "arm64_big_sur": {
+            "dependencies": [
+              "big-sur-formula"
+            ]
+          },
+          "monterey": {
+            "dependencies": [
+              "intel-formula"
+            ]
+          },
+          "big_sur": {
+            "dependencies": [
+              "intel-formula",
+              "big-sur-formula"
+            ]
+          },
+          "catalina": {
+            "dependencies": [
+              "intel-formula",
+              "catalina-or-older-formula"
+            ]
+          },
+          "mojave": {
+            "dependencies": [
+              "intel-formula",
+              "catalina-or-older-formula"
+            ]
+          },
+          "x86_64_linux": {
+            "dependencies": [
+              "intel-formula",
+              "linux-formula"
+            ]
+          }
+        }
+      JSON
+    }
+
+    before do
+      # Use a more limited symbols list to shorten the variations hash
+      symbols = {
+        monterey: "12",
+        big_sur:  "11",
+        catalina: "10.15",
+        mojave:   "10.14",
+      }
+      stub_const("MacOSVersions::SYMBOLS", symbols)
+
+      # For consistency, always run on Monterey and ARM
+      allow(MacOS).to receive(:version).and_return(MacOS::Version.new("12"))
+      allow(Hardware::CPU).to receive(:type).and_return(:arm)
+
+      formula_path.dirname.mkpath
+      formula_path.write formula_content
+    end
+
+    it "returns the correct variations hash" do
+      h = Formulary.factory("foo-variations").to_hash_with_variations
+
+      expect(h).to be_a(Hash)
+      expect(JSON.pretty_generate(h["variations"])).to eq expected_variations.strip
+    end
+  end
+
   specify "#to_recursive_bottle_hash" do
     f1 = formula "foo" do
       url "foo-1.0"
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/bottles/tag_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/bottles/tag_spec.rb
index 1f2d5d4163..256c592635 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/bottles/tag_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/utils/bottles/tag_spec.rb
@@ -36,4 +36,37 @@ describe Utils::Bottles::Tag do
     expect(tag.linux?).to be true
     expect(tag.to_sym).to eq(symbol)
   end
+
+  describe "#standardized_arch" do
+    it "returns :x86_64 for :intel" do
+      expect(described_class.new(system: :all, arch: :intel).standardized_arch).to eq(:x86_64)
+    end
+
+    it "returns :arm64 for :arm" do
+      expect(described_class.new(system: :all, arch: :arm).standardized_arch).to eq(:arm64)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "#valid_combination?" do
+    it "returns true for intel archs" do
+      tag = described_class.new(system: :big_sur, arch: :intel)
+      expect(tag.valid_combination?).to be true
+      tag = described_class.new(system: :linux, arch: :x86_64)
+      expect(tag.valid_combination?).to be true
+    end
+
+    it "returns false for arm archs and macos versions older than big_sur" do
+      tag = described_class.new(system: :catalina, arch: :arm64)
+      expect(tag.valid_combination?).to be false
+      tag = described_class.new(system: :mojave, arch: :arm)
+      expect(tag.valid_combination?).to be false
+    end
+
+    it "returns false for arm archs and linux" do
+      tag = described_class.new(system: :linux, arch: :arm64)
+      expect(tag.valid_combination?).to be false
+      tag = described_class.new(system: :linux, arch: :arm)
+      expect(tag.valid_combination?).to be false
+    end
+  end
 end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/utils/bottles.rb b/Library/Homebrew/utils/bottles.rb
index 72767645cd..6ffcb815b9 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/utils/bottles.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/utils/bottles.rb
@@ -169,14 +169,22 @@ module Utils
         [system, arch].hash
       end
 
+      sig { returns(Symbol) }
+      def standardized_arch
+        return :x86_64 if [:x86_64, :intel].include? arch
+        return :arm64 if [:arm64, :arm].include? arch
+
+        arch
+      end
+
       sig { returns(Symbol) }
       def to_sym
         if system == :all && arch == :all
           :all
-        elsif macos? && arch == :x86_64
+        elsif macos? && [:x86_64, :intel].include?(arch)
           system
         else
-          "#{arch}_#{system}".to_sym
+          "#{standardized_arch}_#{system}".to_sym
         end
       end
 
@@ -203,6 +211,15 @@ module Utils
         false
       end
 
+      sig { returns(T::Boolean) }
+      def valid_combination?
+        return true unless [:arm64, :arm].include? arch
+        return false if linux?
+
+        # Big Sur is the first version of macOS that runs on ARM
+        to_macos_version >= :big_sur
+      end
+
       sig { returns(String) }
       def default_prefix
         if linux?
diff --git a/completions/bash/brew b/completions/bash/brew
index 52f38dc610..86abb433c2 100644
--- a/completions/bash/brew
+++ b/completions/bash/brew
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ _brew_abv() {
       --installed
       --json
       --quiet
+      --variations
       --verbose
       "
       return
@@ -1044,6 +1045,7 @@ _brew_info() {
       --installed
       --json
       --quiet
+      --variations
       --verbose
       "
       return
diff --git a/completions/fish/brew.fish b/completions/fish/brew.fish
index a2388a139b..d1ba1881af 100644
--- a/completions/fish/brew.fish
+++ b/completions/fish/brew.fish
@@ -307,6 +307,7 @@ __fish_brew_complete_arg 'abv' -l help -d 'Show this message'
 __fish_brew_complete_arg 'abv' -l installed -d 'Print JSON of formulae that are currently installed'
 __fish_brew_complete_arg 'abv' -l json -d 'Print a JSON representation. Currently the default value for version is `v1` for formula. For formula and cask use `v2`. See the docs for examples of using the JSON output: https://docs.brew.sh/Querying-Brew'
 __fish_brew_complete_arg 'abv' -l quiet -d 'Make some output more quiet'
+__fish_brew_complete_arg 'abv' -l variations -d 'Include the variations hash in each formula\'s JSON output'
 __fish_brew_complete_arg 'abv' -l verbose -d 'Show more verbose analytics data for formula'
 __fish_brew_complete_arg 'abv; and not __fish_seen_argument -l cask -l casks' -a '(__fish_brew_suggest_formulae_all)'
 __fish_brew_complete_arg 'abv; and not __fish_seen_argument -l formula -l formulae' -a '(__fish_brew_suggest_casks_all)'
@@ -757,6 +758,7 @@ __fish_brew_complete_arg 'info' -l help -d 'Show this message'
 __fish_brew_complete_arg 'info' -l installed -d 'Print JSON of formulae that are currently installed'
 __fish_brew_complete_arg 'info' -l json -d 'Print a JSON representation. Currently the default value for version is `v1` for formula. For formula and cask use `v2`. See the docs for examples of using the JSON output: https://docs.brew.sh/Querying-Brew'
 __fish_brew_complete_arg 'info' -l quiet -d 'Make some output more quiet'
+__fish_brew_complete_arg 'info' -l variations -d 'Include the variations hash in each formula\'s JSON output'
 __fish_brew_complete_arg 'info' -l verbose -d 'Show more verbose analytics data for formula'
 __fish_brew_complete_arg 'info; and not __fish_seen_argument -l cask -l casks' -a '(__fish_brew_suggest_formulae_all)'
 __fish_brew_complete_arg 'info; and not __fish_seen_argument -l formula -l formulae' -a '(__fish_brew_suggest_casks_all)'
diff --git a/completions/zsh/_brew b/completions/zsh/_brew
index aa175d3830..7c33b10012 100644
--- a/completions/zsh/_brew
+++ b/completions/zsh/_brew
@@ -382,6 +382,7 @@ _brew_abv() {
     '(--all)--installed[Print JSON of formulae that are currently installed]' \
     '--json[Print a JSON representation. Currently the default value for version is `v1` for formula. For formula and cask use `v2`. See the docs for examples of using the JSON output: https://docs.brew.sh/Querying-Brew]' \
     '--quiet[Make some output more quiet]' \
+    '--variations[Include the variations hash in each formula'\''s JSON output]' \
     '--verbose[Show more verbose analytics data for formula]' \
     - formula \
     '(--cask)--formula[Treat all named arguments as formulae]' \
@@ -931,6 +932,7 @@ _brew_info() {
     '(--all)--installed[Print JSON of formulae that are currently installed]' \
     '--json[Print a JSON representation. Currently the default value for version is `v1` for formula. For formula and cask use `v2`. See the docs for examples of using the JSON output: https://docs.brew.sh/Querying-Brew]' \
     '--quiet[Make some output more quiet]' \
+    '--variations[Include the variations hash in each formula'\''s JSON output]' \
     '--verbose[Show more verbose analytics data for formula]' \
     - formula \
     '(--cask)--formula[Treat all named arguments as formulae]' \
diff --git a/docs/Manpage.md b/docs/Manpage.md
index f74003edb1..57e1e3b4ef 100644
--- a/docs/Manpage.md
+++ b/docs/Manpage.md
@@ -295,6 +295,8 @@ If a *`formula`* or *`cask`* is provided, show summary of information about it.
   Print JSON of formulae that are currently installed.
 * `--all`:
   Print JSON of all available formulae.
+* `--variations`:
+  Include the variations hash in each formula's JSON output.
 * `-v`, `--verbose`:
   Show more verbose analytics data for *`formula`*.
 * `--formula`:
diff --git a/manpages/brew.1 b/manpages/brew.1
index 87c2999563..760aa819c6 100644
--- a/manpages/brew.1
+++ b/manpages/brew.1
@@ -385,6 +385,10 @@ Print JSON of formulae that are currently installed\.
 Print JSON of all available formulae\.
 .
 .TP
+\fB\-\-variations\fR
+Include the variations hash in each formula\'s JSON output\.
+.
+.TP
 \fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR
 Show more verbose analytics data for \fIformula\fR\.
 .