diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bottle.rb b/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bottle.rb
index 314cbe046d..6e4cd1ef77 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bottle.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/dev-cmd/bottle.rb
@@ -585,6 +585,12 @@ module Homebrew
   def merge(args:)
     bottles_hash = merge_json_files(parse_json_files(args.named))
 
+    # TODO: deduplicate --no-json bottles by:
+    # 1. throwing away bottles for newer versions of macOS if their SHA256 is
+    #    identical
+    # 2. generating `all: $SHA256` bottles that can be used on macOS and Linux
+    #    i.e. need to be `any_skip_relocation` and contain no ELF/MachO files.
+
     any_cellars = ["any", "any_skip_relocation"]
     bottles_hash.each do |formula_name, bottle_hash|
       ohai formula_name
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/bottle_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/bottle_spec.rb
index c6f91e3d8b..7a660e7c52 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/bottle_spec.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/dev-cmd/bottle_spec.rb
@@ -493,37 +493,43 @@ describe "brew bottle" do
       end
     end
 
-    specify "::merge_json_files" do
-      bottles_hash = homebrew.merge_json_files(
-        [hello_hash_big_sur, hello_hash_catalina, unzip_hash_big_sur, unzip_hash_catalina],
-      )
+    describe "::merge_json_files" do
+      it "merges JSON files" do
+        bottles_hash = homebrew.merge_json_files(
+          [hello_hash_big_sur, hello_hash_catalina, unzip_hash_big_sur, unzip_hash_catalina],
+        )
 
-      hello_hash = bottles_hash["hello"]
-      expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["cellar"]).to eq("any_skip_relocation")
-      expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["filename"]).to eq("hello-1.0.big_sur.bottle.tar.gz")
-      expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["local_filename"]).to eq("hello--1.0.big_sur.bottle.tar.gz")
-      expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["sha256"]).to eq(
-        "a0af7dcbb5c83f6f3f7ecd507c2d352c1a018f894d51ad241ce8492fa598010f",
-      )
-      expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["cellar"]).to eq("any_skip_relocation")
-      expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["filename"]).to eq("hello-1.0.catalina.bottle.tar.gz")
-      expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["local_filename"]).to eq("hello--1.0.catalina.bottle.tar.gz")
-      expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["sha256"]).to eq(
-        "5334dd344986e46b2aa4f0471cac7b0914bd7de7cb890a34415771788d03f2ac",
-      )
-      unzip_hash = bottles_hash["unzip"]
-      expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["cellar"]).to eq("any_skip_relocation")
-      expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["filename"]).to eq("unzip-2.0.big_sur.bottle.tar.gz")
-      expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["local_filename"]).to eq("unzip--2.0.big_sur.bottle.tar.gz")
-      expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["sha256"]).to eq(
-        "16cf230afdfcb6306c208d169549cf8773c831c8653d2c852315a048960d7e72",
-      )
-      expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["cellar"]).to eq("any")
-      expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["filename"]).to eq("unzip-2.0.catalina.bottle.tar.gz")
-      expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["local_filename"]).to eq("unzip--2.0.catalina.bottle.tar.gz")
-      expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["sha256"]).to eq(
-        "d9cc50eec8ac243148a121049c236cba06af4a0b1156ab397d0a2850aa79c137",
-      )
+        hello_hash = bottles_hash["hello"]
+        expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["cellar"]).to eq("any_skip_relocation")
+        expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["filename"]).to eq("hello-1.0.big_sur.bottle.tar.gz")
+        expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["local_filename"]).to eq("hello--1.0.big_sur.bottle.tar.gz")
+        expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["sha256"]).to eq(
+          "a0af7dcbb5c83f6f3f7ecd507c2d352c1a018f894d51ad241ce8492fa598010f",
+        )
+        expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["cellar"]).to eq("any_skip_relocation")
+        expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["filename"]).to eq("hello-1.0.catalina.bottle.tar.gz")
+        expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["local_filename"]).to eq("hello--1.0.catalina.bottle.tar.gz")
+        expect(hello_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["sha256"]).to eq(
+          "5334dd344986e46b2aa4f0471cac7b0914bd7de7cb890a34415771788d03f2ac",
+        )
+        unzip_hash = bottles_hash["unzip"]
+        expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["cellar"]).to eq("any_skip_relocation")
+        expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["filename"]).to eq("unzip-2.0.big_sur.bottle.tar.gz")
+        expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["local_filename"]).to eq("unzip--2.0.big_sur.bottle.tar.gz")
+        expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["big_sur"]["sha256"]).to eq(
+          "16cf230afdfcb6306c208d169549cf8773c831c8653d2c852315a048960d7e72",
+        )
+        expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["cellar"]).to eq("any")
+        expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["filename"]).to eq("unzip-2.0.catalina.bottle.tar.gz")
+        expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["local_filename"]).to eq("unzip--2.0.catalina.bottle.tar.gz")
+        expect(unzip_hash["bottle"]["tags"]["catalina"]["sha256"]).to eq(
+          "d9cc50eec8ac243148a121049c236cba06af4a0b1156ab397d0a2850aa79c137",
+        )
+      end
+
+      # TODO: add deduplication tests e.g.
+      # it "deduplicates JSON files with matching macOS checksums"
+      # it "deduplicates JSON files with matching OS checksums" do
     end
 
     describe "#merge_bottle_spec" do
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/utils/bottles.rb b/Library/Homebrew/utils/bottles.rb
index 131bc4efbd..4b13056151 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/utils/bottles.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/utils/bottles.rb
@@ -87,6 +87,8 @@ module Utils
 
       sig { params(value: Symbol).returns(T.attached_class) }
       def self.from_symbol(value)
+        return new(system: :all, arch: :all) if value == :all
+
         @all_archs_regex ||= begin
           all_archs = Hardware::CPU::ALL_ARCHS.map(&:to_s)
           /
@@ -118,7 +120,9 @@ module Utils
 
       sig { returns(Symbol) }
       def to_sym
-        if macos? && arch == :x86_64
+        if system == :all && arch == :all
+          :all
+        elsif macos? && arch == :x86_64
           system
         else
           "#{arch}_#{system}".to_sym
@@ -219,7 +223,11 @@ module Utils
       private
 
       def find_matching_tag(tag, no_older_versions: false)
-        tag if key?(tag.to_sym)
+        if key?(tag.to_sym)
+          tag
+        elsif key?(:all)
+          Tag.from_symbol(:all)
+        end
       end
     end
   end