diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/rubocops.rb b/Library/Homebrew/rubocops.rb
index 8dc49bb459..f1923ee654 100644
--- a/Library/Homebrew/rubocops.rb
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/rubocops.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ require_relative "./rubocops/bottle_block_cop"
 require_relative "./rubocops/formula_desc_cop"
 require_relative "./rubocops/components_order_cop"
 require_relative "./rubocops/components_redundancy_cop"
+require_relative "./rubocops/dependency_order_cop"
 require_relative "./rubocops/homepage_cop"
 require_relative "./rubocops/text_cop"
 require_relative "./rubocops/caveats_cop"
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/rubocops/dependency_order_cop.rb b/Library/Homebrew/rubocops/dependency_order_cop.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d1481f280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/rubocops/dependency_order_cop.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+require_relative "./extend/formula_cop"
+
+module RuboCop
+  module Cop
+    module NewFormulaAudit
+      # This cop checks for correct order of `depends_on` in a Formula
+      #
+      # precedence order:
+      # build-time > run-time > normal > recommended > optional
+      class DependencyOrder < FormulaCop
+        def audit_formula(_node, _class_node, _parent_class_node, body_node)
+          check_dependency_nodes_order(body_node)
+          [:devel, :head, :stable].each do |block_name|
+            block = find_block(body_node, block_name)
+            next unless block
+            check_dependency_nodes_order(block.body)
+          end
+        end
+
+        def check_dependency_nodes_order(parent_node)
+          return if parent_node.nil?
+          dependency_nodes = fetch_depends_on_nodes(parent_node)
+          ordered = dependency_nodes.sort { |a, b| sort_by_dependency_name(a, b) }
+          ordered = sort_dependencies_by_type(ordered)
+          sort_conditional_dependencies!(ordered)
+          verify_order_in_source(ordered)
+        end
+
+        # Match all `depends_on` nodes among childnodes of given parent node
+        def fetch_depends_on_nodes(parent_node)
+          parent_node.each_child_node.select { |x| depends_on_node?(x) }
+        end
+
+        def sort_by_dependency_name(a, b)
+          a_name = dependency_name(a)
+          b_name = dependency_name(b)
+          if a_name < b_name
+            -1
+          elsif a_name > b_name
+            1
+          else
+            0
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Separate dependencies according to precedence order:
+        # build-time > run-time > normal > recommended > optional
+        def sort_dependencies_by_type(dependency_nodes)
+          ordered = []
+          ordered.concat(dependency_nodes.select { |dep| buildtime_dependency? dep }.to_a)
+          ordered.concat(dependency_nodes.select { |dep| runtime_dependency? dep }.to_a)
+          ordered.concat(dependency_nodes.reject { |dep| negate_normal_dependency? dep }.to_a)
+          ordered.concat(dependency_nodes.select { |dep| recommended_dependency? dep }.to_a)
+          ordered.concat(dependency_nodes.select { |dep| optional_dependency? dep }.to_a)
+        end
+
+        # `depends_on :apple if build.with? "foo"` should always be defined
+        #  after `depends_on :foo`
+        # This method reorders dependencies array according to above rule
+        def sort_conditional_dependencies!(ordered)
+          length = ordered.size
+          idx = 0
+          while idx < length
+            idx1, idx2 = nil
+            ordered.each_with_index do |dep, pos|
+              idx = pos+1
+              match_nodes = build_with_dependency_name(dep)
+              idx1 = pos if match_nodes && !match_nodes.empty?
+              next unless idx1
+              idx2 = nil
+              ordered.drop(idx1+1).each_with_index do |dep2, pos2|
+                next unless match_nodes.index(dependency_name(dep2))
+                idx2 = pos2 if idx2.nil? || pos2 > idx2
+              end
+              break if idx2
+            end
+            insert_after!(ordered, idx1, idx2+idx1) if idx2
+          end
+          ordered
+        end
+
+        # Verify actual order of sorted `depends_on` nodes in source code
+        # Else raise RuboCop problem
+        def verify_order_in_source(ordered)
+          ordered.each_with_index do |dependency_node_1, idx|
+            l1 = line_number(dependency_node_1)
+            dependency_node_2 = nil
+            ordered.drop(idx+1).each do |node2|
+              l2 = line_number(node2)
+              dependency_node_2 = node2 if l2 < l1
+            end
+            next unless dependency_node_2
+            @offensive_nodes = [dependency_node_1, dependency_node_2]
+            component_problem dependency_node_1, dependency_node_2
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Node pattern method to match
+        # `depends_on` variants
+        def_node_matcher :depends_on_node?, <<~EOS
+          {(if _ (send nil? :depends_on ...) nil?)
+           (send nil? :depends_on ...)}
+        EOS
+
+        def_node_search :buildtime_dependency?, "(sym :build)"
+
+        def_node_search :recommended_dependency?, "(sym :recommended)"
+
+        def_node_search :runtime_dependency?, "(sym :run)"
+
+        def_node_search :optional_dependency?, "(sym :optional)"
+
+        def_node_search :negate_normal_dependency?, "(sym {:build :recommended :run :optional})"
+
+        # Node pattern method to extract `name` in `depends_on :name`
+        def_node_search :dependency_name_node, <<~EOS
+          {(send nil? :depends_on {(hash (pair $_ _)) $({str sym} _)})
+           (if _ (send nil? :depends_on {(hash (pair $_ _)) $({str sym} _)}) nil?)}
+        EOS
+
+        # Node pattern method to extract `name` in `build.with? :name`
+        def_node_search :build_with_dependency_node, <<~EOS
+          (send (send nil? :build) :with? $({str sym} _))
+        EOS
+
+        def insert_after!(arr, idx1, idx2)
+          arr.insert(idx2+1, arr.delete_at(idx1))
+        end
+
+        def build_with_dependency_name(node)
+          match_nodes = build_with_dependency_node(node)
+          match_nodes = match_nodes.to_a.delete_if(&:nil?)
+          match_nodes.map { |n| string_content(n) } unless match_nodes.empty?
+        end
+
+        def dependency_name(dependency_node)
+          match_node = dependency_name_node(dependency_node).to_a.first
+          string_content(match_node) if match_node
+        end
+
+        def autocorrect(_node)
+          succeeding_node = @offensive_nodes[0]
+          preceding_node = @offensive_nodes[1]
+          lambda do |corrector|
+            reorder_components(corrector, succeeding_node, preceding_node)
+          end
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def component_problem(c1, c2)
+          offending_node(c1)
+          problem "dependency \"#{dependency_name(c1)}\" (line #{line_number(c1)}) should be put before dependency \"#{dependency_name(c2)}\" (line #{line_number(c2)})"
+        end
+
+        # Reorder two nodes in the source, using the corrector instance in autocorrect method
+        def reorder_components(corrector, node1, node2)
+          indentation = " " * (start_column(node2) - line_start_column(node2))
+          line_breaks = "\n"
+          corrector.insert_before(node2.source_range, node1.source + line_breaks + indentation)
+          corrector.remove(range_with_surrounding_space(range: node1.source_range, side: :left))
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/Library/Homebrew/test/rubocops/dependency_order_cop_spec.rb b/Library/Homebrew/test/rubocops/dependency_order_cop_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..92ca724750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Library/Homebrew/test/rubocops/dependency_order_cop_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+require_relative "../../rubocops/dependency_order_cop"
+
+describe RuboCop::Cop::NewFormulaAudit::DependencyOrder do
+  subject(:cop) { described_class.new }
+
+  context "depends_on" do
+    it "wrong conditional depends_on order" do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+        class Foo < Formula
+          homepage "http://example.com"
+          url "http://example.com/foo-1.0.tgz"
+          depends_on "apple" if build.with? "foo"
+          depends_on "foo" => :optional
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ dependency "foo" (line 5) should be put before dependency "apple" (line 4)
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it "wrong alphabetical depends_on order" do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+        class Foo < Formula
+          homepage "http://example.com"
+          url "http://example.com/foo-1.0.tgz"
+          depends_on "foo"
+          depends_on "bar"
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ dependency "bar" (line 5) should be put before dependency "foo" (line 4)
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+
+    it "wrong conditional depends_on order" do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+        class Foo < Formula
+          homepage "http://example.com"
+          url "http://example.com/foo-1.0.tgz"
+          head do
+            depends_on "apple" if build.with? "foo"
+            depends_on "bar"
+            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ dependency "bar" (line 6) should be put before dependency "apple" (line 5)
+            depends_on "foo" => :optional
+            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ dependency "foo" (line 7) should be put before dependency "apple" (line 5)
+          end
+          depends_on "apple" if build.with? "foo"
+          depends_on "foo" => :optional
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ dependency "foo" (line 10) should be put before dependency "apple" (line 9)
+        end
+      RUBY
+    end
+  end
+
+  context "autocorrect" do
+    it "wrong conditional depends_on order" do
+      source = <<~EOS
+        class Foo < Formula
+          homepage "http://example.com"
+          url "http://example.com/foo-1.0.tgz"
+          depends_on "apple" if build.with? "foo"
+          depends_on "foo" => :optional
+        end
+      EOS
+
+      correct_source = <<~EOS
+        class Foo < Formula
+          homepage "http://example.com"
+          url "http://example.com/foo-1.0.tgz"
+          depends_on "foo" => :optional
+          depends_on "apple" if build.with? "foo"
+        end
+      EOS
+
+      corrected_source = autocorrect_source(source)
+      expect(corrected_source).to eq(correct_source)
+    end
+  end
+end