137 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
137 lines
5.1 KiB
Markdown
|
# Gems, Eggs and Perl Modules
|
|||
|
|
On a fresh OS X installation there are three empty directories for
|
|||
|
|
add-ons available to all users:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
/Library/Ruby
|
|||
|
|
/Library/Python
|
|||
|
|
/Library/Perl
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Starting with OS X Lion (10.7), you need `sudo` to install to these like
|
|||
|
|
so: `sudo gem install`, `sudo easy_install` or `sudo cpan -i`.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
An option to avoid `sudo` is to use an access control list:
|
|||
|
|
`chmod +a 'user:YOUR_NAME_HERE allow add_subdirectory,add_file,delete_child,directory_inherit' /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages`,
|
|||
|
|
for example, will let you add packages to Python 2.7 as yourself. That
|
|||
|
|
is probably safer than changing the group ownership of the directory.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### So why was I using sudo?
|
|||
|
|
Habit maybe?
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
One reason is executables go in `/usr/local/bin`. Usually this isn’t a
|
|||
|
|
writable location. But if you installed Homebrew as we recommend,
|
|||
|
|
`/usr/local` will be writable without sudo. So now you are good to
|
|||
|
|
install the development tools you need without risking a sudo.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Python packages (eggs) without sudo
|
|||
|
|
Rather than changing the rights on /Library/Python, we recommend the
|
|||
|
|
following options:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### With a brewed Python - you don’t need sudo
|
|||
|
|
Note, `easy_install` is deprecated. We install `pip` (or `pip3` for
|
|||
|
|
python3) along with python/python3.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
We set up distutils such that `pip install` will always put modules in
|
|||
|
|
`$(brew --prefix)/lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages` and scripts in
|
|||
|
|
`$(brew --prefix)/share/python`. Therefore, you won’t need `sudo`!
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Do `brew info python` or `brew info python3` for precise information
|
|||
|
|
about the paths. Note, a brewed Python still searches for modules in
|
|||
|
|
`/Library/Python/X.Y/site-packages` and also in
|
|||
|
|
`~/Library/Python/X.Y/lib/python/site-packages`.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### With system’s Python
|
|||
|
|
_This is only recommended if you **don't** use a brewed Python._
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
On OS X, any [Python version X.Y also searches in
|
|||
|
|
`~/Library/Python/X.Y/lib/python/site-packages` for
|
|||
|
|
modules](http://docs.python.org/2/install/index.html#inst-alt-install-user).
|
|||
|
|
That dir might not yet exist, but you can create it:
|
|||
|
|
`mkdir -p ~/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
To teach `easy_install` and `pip` to install there, either use the
|
|||
|
|
`—user` switch or create a `~/.pydistutils.cfg` file with the
|
|||
|
|
following content:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[install]
|
|||
|
|
install_lib = ~/Library/Python/$py_version_short/lib/python/site-packages
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Using virtualenv - works with brewed and system’s Python
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
[Virtualenv](http://www.virtualenv.org/en/latest/) ships `pip` and
|
|||
|
|
creates isolated Python environments with separate site-packages,
|
|||
|
|
therefore you won’t need `sudo`.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Rubygems without sudo
|
|||
|
|
---------------------
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**If you use rbenv or RVM then you should ignore this stuff**
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Brewed Ruby installs executables to `$(brew --prefix)/opt/ruby/bin`
|
|||
|
|
without sudo. You should add this to your path. See the caveats in the
|
|||
|
|
`ruby` formula for up-to-date information.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### With system’s Ruby
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
To make Ruby install install to `/usr/local`, we need to add
|
|||
|
|
`gem: -n/usr/local/bin` to your `~/.gemrc`. It’s YAML…so do it manually
|
|||
|
|
or use this:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
echo "gem: -n/usr/local/bin" >> ~/.gemrc
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
**However all versions of RubyGems before 1.3.6 are buggy** and ignore
|
|||
|
|
the above setting. Sadly a fresh install of Snow Leopard comes with
|
|||
|
|
1.3.5. Currently the only known way to get round this is to upgrade
|
|||
|
|
rubygems as root:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`sudo gem update --system`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### An Alternative
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Just install everything into the Homebrew prefix like this:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`echo "export GEM_HOME=\"$(brew --prefix)\"" >> ~/.bashrc`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### It doesn’t work! I get some “permissions” error when I try to install stuff!
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
*Note, maybe you shouldn’t do this on Lion, since Apple have decided it
|
|||
|
|
is not a good default.*
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
If you ever did a `sudo gem`, etc. before then a lot of files will have
|
|||
|
|
been created chown root. Fix with:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`sudo chown -R $USER /Library/Ruby /Library/Perl /Library/Python`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Perl CPAN Modules without sudo
|
|||
|
|
------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
The Perl module local::lib works similarly to rbenv/RVM (although for
|
|||
|
|
modules only, not perl installations). A simple solution that only
|
|||
|
|
pollutes your /Library/Perl a little is to install
|
|||
|
|
[local::lib](http://search.cpan.org/search?query=local::lib) with sudo:
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`sudo cpan local::lib`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Note that will install some other dependencies like `Module::Install`.
|
|||
|
|
Then put the appropriate incantation in your shell’s startup, e.g. for
|
|||
|
|
`.bash_profile` you insert the below, for others see the
|
|||
|
|
[local::lib](http://search.cpan.org/search?query=local::lib) docs.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
`eval $(perl -I$HOME/perl5/lib/perl5 -Mlocal::lib)`
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Now (after you restart your shell) `cpan` or `perl -MCPAN -eshell` etc.
|
|||
|
|
will install modules and binaries in `~/perl5` and the relevant
|
|||
|
|
subdirectories will be in your `PATH` and `PERL5LIB` etc.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Avoiding sudo altogether for Perl
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
If you don’t even want (or can’t) use sudo for bootstrapping
|
|||
|
|
`local::lib` just manually install `local::lib` in
|
|||
|
|
~/perl5 and add the relevant path to `PERL5LIB` before the .bashrc eval incantation.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Another alternative is to use `perlbrew` to install a separate copy of Perl in your home directory, or wherever you like :
|
|||
|
|
```bash
|
|||
|
|
curl -kL http://install.perlbrew.pl | bash
|
|||
|
|
perlbrew install perl-5.16.2
|
|||
|
|
echo ".~/perl5/perlbrew/etc/bashrc" >> ~/.bashrc
|
|||
|
|
```
|